special aim was to enlist the assistance of the medical pro- 

 fession of the Territory (not in Honolulu alone) in getting- 

 the milk consumer, and especially the one who provides milk 

 for infants and children, to know and appreciate clean milk, 

 and to demand that the milk producer, that is, the dairyman, 

 furnish clean milk from healthy cows. Renovated or purified 

 milk does not fill this bill, though it is better than filthy milk, 

 l)ut soluble impurities cannot be strained out of milk by me- 

 chanical processes, nor can milk containing the remains of one 

 million micro-organisms in every single drop of its volume 

 be considered clean and wholesome, just because the bacteria 

 have been killed, or their vitiating activities retarded by either 

 chemical or physical methods. 



Immense progress has already been made towards that much 

 desired goal — clean milk from healthy cows — especially so far 

 as the latter part is concerned ; but as regards the first part 

 there is still very much to be accomplished. For this little 

 Territory, however, it may be justly claimed that there is 

 probably not a single milk producing district or community 

 in the world that could lay claim to entrance into the same 

 class, when the health of the dairy cows is being considered. 

 Few if any of the devastating scourges of the dairy barns of 

 the States or the European countries are known here. Dis- 

 eases of the udder are comparatively rare, cowpox extremely 

 so, infectious abortion is hardly known by name here, though 

 it decimates the stables and annihilates the profits of the dairy- 

 men in many countries ; pneumonia, bronchitis and parturient 

 apoplexy claim thousands of victims annually, in the United 

 .States as well as in Europe, to which losses may be added the 

 cost of simply keeping the animals warm during four to eight 

 months out of every year, and the diseases inherent upon that 

 requirement. Then there is aphthous fever, commonly called 

 foot and mouth disease, and which at the present time has not 

 less than sixteen of the States tied up in rigid quarantine, with 

 both local and interstate traffic in dairy cows and their prod- 

 ucts absolutely paralyzed. And, finally, there is bovine tuber- 

 culosis, the one disease of live stock of wdiich we have cer- 

 tainly had our share and which, more than all the rest com- 

 l>ined, has required and is requiring the full attention and best 

 efforts of the medical and veterinary sanitarians, here as e\cr}- 

 whcre else in the civilized world, where its inilucnce on human 

 health and happiness and its economic imp<M-l on the li\e stock 

 industrv have become recognized. The now un(|uestioned 

 transmissibility of l)ovine tuberculosis to human l)eings, the 

 iiuiversal spread of the disease and its insidious course render 

 the closest co-operation between the medical and the veteri- 

 nary profession imperative, if noticeable inroads are to be 

 made toward its control and suppression : and, while much has 

 already been accomplished here by ihc two prok-ssions work- 



