THE JHAWAIIAN 



f OREST£R D AGRICULTURIST 



Vol. XII. JUNE, 1915. No. 6 



COOPERATION EXPOUNDED). 



Cooperation among small farmers in Hawaii has for many 

 years been advocated by the Forester. A movement has just 

 been started for the cooperative marketing of fresh pineapples 

 on the mainland, to relieve a condition of over-production in 

 raising that fruit here for the canneries. Some shipments have 

 gone forward in steamers within the past few weeks. For the 

 benefit of Hawaiian homesteaders who may be considering fur- 

 ther development of the cooperative idea here, in this number 

 we begin reprinting a circular on the subject in general, issued 

 by the college of agriculture of the University of California. It 

 is by G. Harold Powell, general manager of the California Fruit 

 Growers' Exchange ; former assistant chief of the bureau of 

 plant industry, and former pomologist in charge of fruit trans- 

 portation and storage investigations, United States department of 

 agriculture. 



REGARDING PAPAIN 



Much attention is being given to the growing of the papaya and 

 the manufacture of papain by the tropical press. There is an 

 article of six pages, by H. F. Macmillan, on the dual subject in 

 the March number of the Tropical Agriculturist of Ceylon, in 

 which the interest lately shown in the question of making papain 

 in Hawaii, evidenced by an experiment station pamphlet, is men- 

 tioned. Under the subhead, "Properties of Papain," the article 

 says : 



"The peptonizing or digestive power is well known, and it is 

 considered a good substitute for animal pepsin, but. unlike the 

 latter, it requires neither the aid of an acid nor an alkali to con- 

 vert the contents of the stomach into a peptone. The celebrated 

 chemist Vauquelin compared papain to 'blood deprived of its col- 

 oring matter.' The material has not, however, come into exten- 

 sive use in medicine, its consumption at present being chiefly con- 

 fined to America, where it is much used in the treatment of 

 chronic dyspepsia, gastritis, diphtheria, etc., and it is also recom- 

 mended for eczema. In Ceylon it is not used medicinally, except 

 perhaps in native medicine. It is described, however, in Waring's 



