268 



FAMILIAR BOTANY. 



Class XVII — Diadelphia. — Flowers with the 

 stamens, or male organs, united by the filaments 

 into txoo bodies ; such as fumitory, milkwort, clo- 

 ver, tares, peas, beans, &c. 



Class XVIII — Polyadelphia. — Flowers with 

 the stamens, or male organs, united by th^ fila- 

 ments into more than two bodies, usually three; 

 such as oranfre and lemon trees, hypericum, &c. 



Class XIX — Syngenesia. — Fl iwers with the 

 stamens, or male organs, united by the anthers into 

 a tube; such as dandelion, hawkweed, thistle, 

 groundsel, marygold, &,c. 



Class XX — Gynandria. — Flowers with the 

 stamens ov male organs 6, resting upon and attach- 

 ed to the -pistil, ox female organs, a; such as the 

 lady's slipper, orchis, &c. 



Class XXI— Moncecia. — Flowers, both male 

 and /ema/e on the sa7ne plant,— the male flowers 

 having no pistils, the female flowers no stamens ; 

 such as the begonia, oak, walnut, beech, pine, cu- 

 cumber, larch, &c. 



Class XXII — Dkecia. — The male and female 

 flowers on different plants ; such as the poplar, 

 bryony, mistletoe, hemp, hops, &c. 



Class XXIII — Polygamia. — In this class the 

 flowers are either only male, or female, or hath 

 united in the same flower, that is male and female 

 flowers, on the same, or on difTerent plants, along 

 with hermaphrodite ones; such as the common 

 ash, sycamore, fan-palm, sensitive plant, &c. 



CtAss XXIV — Cryptogamia. — Flowers with 

 the reproductive organs scarcely visible, — of course 



the flowers are not apparent ; such as seaweeds, 

 moss, ferns, lichens, mushrooms, &c. 



We have now enumerated the classes of Lin- 

 nasus with their examples, and shall, as briefly 

 as possible, do the same with the orders in each 

 class. 



Orders. — As the classes are formed chiefly 

 from the number of the stamens in the flower, (es- 

 pecially in the first thirteen classes,) so the orders 

 are formed principally from the number of the styles, 

 viz., Monogynia, (one female,) style one. Di- 

 gynia, styles two. Tryginia, styles three. Te- 

 tragynia, styles four. Pentagynia, styles five. 

 Hexagynia, styles six. Heptagynia, styles seven. 

 Octogynia, styles eight, &c. Polyginia, styles nu- 

 merous. 



Here are thirteen classes, and each has one or- 

 der, referable to the number of the styles or female 

 organs. 



The 14th class has two orders; the first is called 

 Gymnospermia, (a naked seed.) Seeds naked, not 

 inclosed in a capsule. Example, Lamium. The 

 second is called Angiospermia, (a seed vessel.) 

 Seeds inclosed in a capsule. Example, Digita- 

 lis. 



The 15th class also contains <wo orders ; first, 

 Siliquosa, (a long pod.) Pods long, as in Sina- 

 pis and Brassica. Second, Siliculosa, (a short 

 pod.) Pods short, as in Lepidium and Biscw 

 tella. 



The 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, and 22d classes 

 have their order formed exactly upon the same prin- 

 ciples as in the formation of the class itself, that is, 

 from the number of the stamens ; as Monandria, 

 Diandria.Triandria, Telrandria,Pentrandria, Hex- 

 andria, &c. 



The 19th class has five orders; first, Aqualis, 

 (equal.) Florets of the disk and ray, all herma- 

 phrodite. Second, Superflua, (superfluous.^ Flo- 

 rets of the disk, hermaphrodite, of the ray female. 

 Third, Frustranea, (in vain.) Florets of the disk 

 fertile, of the ray sterile. Fourth, Necessaria, 

 (necessary.) Florets of the ray female, of the 

 disk male. Fifth, Segregata, (separated.) Each 

 floret having its own peculiar involucum. 



The 23d class has two orders, formed precisely 

 on the same principles as the 21st and 22d classes, 

 called MonoDcia and Dioecia. 



The 24th class has nine orders, formed chiefly 

 from the reproductive organs. Of these, we shall 

 only give the names, and a few examples of each. 

 First, Filices, Ferns. Ex. Polypodium, Ophio- 

 glossum, &c. Second, Equisitaceas, Horsetails. 

 Ex. Equisitum. Third, Lycopodinese, Club-moss- 

 es. Ex. Lycopodium. Fourth, Marsileaceae. Ex. 

 Pilularia. Fifth, Musci, Mosses. Ex. Hypnum. 

 Sixth, Hepatieaj. Ex. Marchantia. Seventh, 

 Algee, Sea Weeds. Ex. Exillaria, Conferva. 

 Eighth, Lichenes. Ex. Lichens. Ninth, Fungi. 

 Ex. Agaricus, Clavaria, Morchella, &c. 



This completes the outline we had in 



