504 AKKIV FÖR ZOOLOGI. BAND 1. 



gallus) and Pheasants the internasal is short bnt distinct and 

 the nasals well developed scale-like. In many of these the 

 labial forming the maxillary börder behind the rostral is 

 very sharply defined. I have found such a condition prevailing 

 in specimens I have examined of Tetraogallus, Phasianus, 

 Chrysolophus etc. Bnt the degree of distinctness resp. fnsion 

 is not alike in all specimens. Sometimes the fusion is quite 

 complete, sometimes on the other hand the distinctness seems 

 to be pathologically exaggerated so that the labials appear 

 to be almost free from the rostral and by a very deep groove 

 separated from the same all the way to the free edge. Such 

 a condition I have seen in specimens of Chrysolophus pictus 

 and Chr. amherstice. In Tetraonidce the internasal and nasal 

 region are not only not horny but even covered by feathers. 

 The labial is often quite fused with the rostral, but examples 

 are not scarce in which the limit is quite plainly visible. 

 The lower rhamphotheca exhibits in most cases a division 

 posteriorly on either side between the infralabial and the 

 submandibular and this is often occupied by feathers. The 

 former plate is often defined anteriorly, as well, from the 

 mentale, but the submandibular is as a rule anteriorly quite 

 fused with the mentale. Even in birds with so short bilis 

 as the Ptarmigans it may be understood at a close examina- 

 tion that the lower rhamphotheca is constituted of five diffe- 

 rent although more or less fused plates. By this, I thus hope 

 that it may be elucidated that the rhamphotheca of the Galli- 

 formes is compound and the reptilian homologies of the diffe- 

 rent parts is clear from a comparison with that which has 

 been written above. 



The bilis of the Ralli are essentially alike whether they 

 are longer and more slender or shorter and stouter. The 

 upper rhamphotheca has a median rostrale which on the sides 

 by the soft nasal tract is divided from the labials. The 

 latter are anteriorly not defined from the rostrale. In the 

 lower rhamphotheca a longitudinal groove on the side of 

 each ramus indicates the division between an upper infra- 

 labial and a lower submandibular, but both seem to be fused 

 anteriorly with the mentale. In Aramus quite the same 

 structure of the bill may be stated only with the less im- 

 portant difference that the härd and undivided tip of the 

 bill is comparatively longer. From a bill like that of Aramus 



