Control B:l 



METHOD OF CONTROL OTHER THAN CffilllCAL 



The pxirpose of this section is to stress that in phytonematology the 

 general principles of plant disease control are applicable and should 

 not be overlooked. 



I. Exclusion . Exclusion of any parasitic nematode from the farm, 



nursery, greenhouse, or garden is probably the least 

 expensive and is certainly the most effective control available to the 

 plant grower. Prohibition of the introduction into an area of para- 

 sitic nematodes and the additional safeguard of Interception are methods 

 of nematode control being conducted on international and interstate 

 levels. The grower shoiild, whenever possible, take advantage of the 

 benefits of these government services, as for example, purchasing in- 

 spected and certified nematode-free plants and propagules. Elimination 

 of nematodes from infected plants or from infested shipping and packing 

 materials is conducted in a number of ways, depending upon the nema- 

 todes, plants, and carriers involved. Some examples are sorting, fumi- 

 gation, hot water treatments, and disinfesting dips or washes. It 

 should be remembered that every new planting, large or small, offers 

 the chance to apply the common-sense methods which can prevent a nema- 

 tode problem from developing. Simply try to keep parasitic nematodes 

 from being brought in on plants, propagules, and with their soil, pack- 

 ing, or containers. 



II. Eradication . The phytonematologist and the plant pathologist are 



usually sought for only' after a nematode problem has 

 been found to exist, and getting rid of the troublesome little animals 

 then becomes the aim of control. 



Item oval of the nematodes in one way or another is a means of eradica- 

 tion which is applicable in a surprisingly large number of instances 

 and usually at no greater cost than that of the plants involved. Re- 

 moval of nematized individual plants is practiced in plantings of all 

 sizes and of almost all kinds. Removal of nematized plant parts may 

 be all that is necessary in some cases, for example, removal of the 

 diseased lower leaves of chrysanthemums, or sorting out of infected 

 seed. Removal of nematode infested soil is feasible and effective for 

 greenhouse operations, flower beds, and potted plants. 



Destruction of the nematodes in place is the objective of most control 

 efforts. liJhether one is dealing with nematodes on or in viable hosts 

 or carriers, or else dealing with nematodes in the non-living environ- 

 ment determines how drastic the control treatment can be made. Nema- 

 todes on or very near to the outer surfaces of plant parts can, in some 

 cases, be removed by washing or killed by toxic wash or dip solutions, 

 fumigation, and other chemical treatments. Examples of non-chemical 

 controls are heat treatments of one kind or another, depending upon the 

 thermal tolerance of the plant part and whether or not surface or deep 



