88 PRINCE— TATAR MATERIAL IN OLD RUSSIAN. 



Jar-tur (Igor, 190; Magnus, p. 117; Berneker, 447). This is an 

 epithet applied to heroes ; conventionally = " fierce bull." See huj- 

 tur, above. There is a modern word jary " fierce, grim," which 

 probably does not belong in this connection. As biij-titr seems to be 

 a popular etymology of Slavonic elements suggested by a primitive 

 Tatar form, it is highly likely that the same is true of Jar-tur, with 

 which the Indo-Germanic elements jar, " fierce " and tur, " bull " 

 have been associated. Note that R. jary appears in a number of 

 Slavonic proper names, as Jarosldv; Jaromir, etc. 



This Indo-Germanic jar is usually connected with Greek ^S)po<i, 

 " fiery " ; possibly it has the same stem as the Latin ira " wrath " ( ?). 

 According to Berneker, p. 448, this jar has no connection with the 

 Tatar iar, "light, bright," which occurs CC. 254. The question is 

 confusing, as jary, "bright" is also a Slavonic stem, R., etc. It is 

 conceivable that jar-tur might readily be a variant of Tatar iardur, 

 "he is (dur) splendid," a form which subsequently might have 

 been confounded with Slavonic jary (?). 



As to the possible connection between Slavonic jary and Tatar 

 iar {iariklich = " lumen ," CC. 154; jarictc, " illuminavit," CC. 159; 

 iarkin, "splendor," CC. 193), this opens up the whole question as 

 to the primitive common origin of the Indo-Germanic and Ugro- 

 Turkic idioms which cannot be discussed here. 



Caga (Igor, 460) "female slave" (Nestor, Chron. 1018) is 

 undoubtedly Tatar and should not be rendered "potentate" 

 (Magnus, p. 113). See above s. v. nogate. 



