PRINCE— TATAR MATERIAL IN OLD RUSSIAN. 87 



be a popular etymology containing an original q'am-stem = " black 

 steel (?)." Perhaps qarsilyq stands for qar-celik, "black steel," as 

 celik = " steel " in Osmanli. In the Russian ballads, bulatny means 

 the same as kharalu2ny = Turkish hulat, which is from Persian 

 pulad; thus, in Zadonscina; kopija kharalusnymi, meci hulatnyja, 

 topory legkie, "steel spears, steel swords (and) light battle-axes." 

 Note that k and q often become kh, especially in Azerbaijan and 

 Mariopol Tatar (cf. Blau, "Ueber Volksthum u. Sprache d. Ku- 

 manen," ZDMC. 29, 1876 [55^567]. PP- 569 ^■ 



Khinovy (Igor, 403). This original form Magnus has need- 

 lessly altered to khinju; khinovy is probably an adjective and means 

 simply " Hunnish " ( thus Sobolevsky, A. S. P., xxx, p. 474). It is 

 derived by Magnus from Tatar khan and taken to mean " belonging 

 to the Tatars" (khans), a theory based on the change of to i in 

 Little Russian, seen, for example, in Little Russian pid for R. pod, 

 "under"; zvikno for okno, "window," etc. But this change of 

 to i is a very late phenomenon in the Ukraine. It is not likely that 

 this word has any connection with C. kinov, "crooked" (CC. 138), 

 kingir, "curved" (CC. 140). 



Khorjugov (Igor, 146) ; cf. Berneker, 398. This word has been 

 derived from Mongol orongo " standard " and also from Gothic 

 hrugga " shaft," pronounced hrunga, which is not even identical in 

 meaning. The word occurs in Old Bulgarian khorangv, " pennant " 

 and in modern khorugv, " church banner," Pol. choragiew, etc. It 

 is more probable that this is a Tartar loan-word and not Gothic 

 hrugga which is the same word as English " rung " of a ladder. 

 The Mongol orongo may be a modification of an original khorongo. 



Japoncica (Igor, 142) "Capuchin cloak" (Berneker, p. 445). 

 Magnus has wrongly japoncica (p. 115). This is identical with 

 OR. cpanca and Turkish iapanca, or iaponca; in Polish oponcza 

 means " rain-coat." Note Cagatai japonci " cloak." See s. v. or'tma, 

 below. 



Jaruga (Igor, 92) "rill" (Berneker, 445) is clearly the same as 

 in Cagatai jarugh, "left, split." The ;ar-stem appears in OR. jar, 

 " cliff, ravine " ; Old Bulgarian jar " steep shore," Rumanian eriiga. 

 In modern R., we have jarug (Tula dialect), and eruk; jaruska 

 Little-Russian. 



