PRINCE— TATAR MATERIAL IN OLD RUSSIAN. 85 



top" (CC. 146), artarmen, "I excel" (CC. 54). In Osmanli, 

 drtJuck=^"to cover," and we find in Persian the noun ortme, 

 " covering " from a plainly Turkish formation which, however, does 

 not occur in modern Osmanli. This is undoubtedly our or'tma = 

 Osmanli i'lrtil, "covering." 



Saltany (Igor, 489) : "thou shootest from the golden throne of 

 thy father the Saltany who are beyond Russia" (^sa semljami). 

 Every authority but Magnus regards this as the Arabo-Tatar saltan, 

 sultan, a reference to the chiefs of the Tatars. Magnus, however, 

 considers, that it alludes to the men of Salatyn on the lower Tatra 

 mountains in Hungary, whence came the barbarian auxiliaries of 

 Igor, such as the Topchaks. It must refer to an attack on the 

 Tatar foe, but the term saltan (sultan) is not commonly used to 

 denote the Tatar khans. 



Tl'kovin (Igor, 369): pogauykh tl'kovin, "of the heathen 

 tl'koviny" ; perhaps the Ta\/xaT|oiof Ptolemy. The term is very diffi- 

 cult. It is usually rendered "nomads," from R. tolcdk, from tolkatj, 

 " roam," as the form occurs in Nestor, 907, alluding to the Varjags,. 

 Slovenes and Tivercy. A. Weseloffsky (ZDMG. 1877, p. 301) 

 refers the term to the Torki, the remnants of the Pecenegs. This 

 is not possible, since the Varjags (Norsemen) and Slovenes 

 (southern Slavs) were certainly not Torki. The derivation of the 

 word tl'koviny is uncertain. The proper pronunciation is tlkoviny 

 or tolkoviny, as the hard sign in Igor tl'koviny is a mere stop. Sakh- 

 matov thinks it means " bi-lingual," comparing it with tolinac " in- 

 terpreter," from tolkovdti {op. cit., p. 98). 



Tjmutarakan (Igor, 384) was the last outpost of the Russo- 

 Hellenic influence and had heathen temples even in Strabo's day. 

 It was on the Taman peninsula, bordering on the Sea of Azov and 

 the Black Sea. Constantine Prophyrogenitus calls it Ta/narapxa. , 



Topcak (Igor, 432) alludes to the barbarian allies. Magnus 

 states " this word has an unmistakable Turanian form " and refers 

 to C. toprak, "corn" (CC. 208). In Osmanli topraq^=" soW, terri- 

 tory," and also " clay." It may refer to the nature of the soil of a 

 certain territory. Magnus identifies it geographically with Top- 

 czewo, a village in the province of Grodno, twenty versts from 



