PRINCE— TATAR MATERIAL IN OLD RUSSIAN. 83 



was given to Vladimir in Chron. 1171: kagan and kan in 1191. 

 The gutturalized khan is a later form; Greek x^-^V^ > X"-y°-^°^' ol^ 

 Mongol and Avar khaganns (-z<i-=Latin ending), Osmanli khan 

 and C. han = " God." In Cumanian the h represented a guttural. 

 The Tunguz of Nercinsk say kan with hard k. 



Koscej (Igor, 360) : v. sjedlo kdscievo "in a captive's saddle" 

 (not "slave's," with Magnus). Cf. Berneker 585. The word is 

 clearly a Tatar element from kos, " military camp," from which 

 comes R. kos, " camp of the Zaporozhian^^ Cossacks " ; hence, the 

 word used so often in Gogol's " Taras Bulba," koshevoj^" chief of 

 the Cossack camp." The word kosci must originally have meant 

 " prisoner, servant, groom." There can fee no connection here with 

 C. cue and ciicermen, " coerce," as some have suggested. In the 

 R. ballads koscej meant " magician, giant." It is possible that the 

 modern R. koscej, " skinflint, miser " may be the same word mis- 

 applied under the popular etymological influence of kostj, " bone." 

 The stem kos may be the same as that seen in Osmanli qawas ( ?) 



Komonj, "horse" (Igor, passim) is probably not a Tatar word. 

 It has been connected with a supposed kobmonj, the same stem as 

 that seen in R. kobyla and English-Celtic " cob " = thick-set horse 

 (cob in Celtic = " tuft, abundance"), but Berneker, 555, rightly 

 rejects this as a doubtful derivation. The usual R. word for 

 " horse " is losadj, q. v., below. 



Kur (Igor, 595) : doriskasc do kur Tjmutarakanja. There is 

 no reason to alter to cur with Magnus ^ " he raced to the precincts 

 of Tjmutarakanj." Magnus's emendation would refer to Cur, a 

 deity ( ?) of boundaries. The word kur is Tatar qur, "enclosure," 

 with which kiirgan (see the following word) is probably connected. 



Kurgan " tumulus, grave-mound," a common modern R. word 

 (Berneker, 648) appears also in Rumanian gorgan and is clearly 

 Tatar. Note C. gurgan, " burgh " and gurgatmen, " strengthen," 

 and cf. Osmanli kurkhane. See the preceding word in this list. 



Losadj, "horse" (not in Igor, which always uses komonj, q. v.). 

 The word losadj (Berneker 734) appears in Nestor's Chronicle, 1103 



^8 The Zaporozhian Cossacks were the " Backfallsmen " of the Dnieper 

 who played so important a part in Polish mediaeval history (cf. Gogol's Taras 

 Bulba, etc.). 



