388 OSBORN AND MOOK— CHARACTERS AND RESTORATION 



made. Two large quarries are known to have existed and their loca- 

 tion is known at the present time. 



One large quarry is situated about 500 yards west to southwest 

 of a small conical hill, locally known as the " Nipple," a considerable 

 distance from the edge of the escarpment. This quarry is called 

 Cope Quarry No. i. Here the Morrison is capped by the Purgatoire 

 sandstone and the quarry site is very definitely marked by a great 

 excavation. The matrix is chiefly reddish to brownish, and probably 

 most of the bones of a reddish color, collectively known as the red 

 series, came from this quarry. 



Another quarry is situated almost at the crest of the escarpment 

 which forms the west boundary of Garden Park, and near the base 

 of the " Nipple." It is not very definitely marked, but traces of the 

 work of excavation by Cope's collectors and others mark its site. This 

 quarry is called Cope Quarry No. 2. The matrix is largely grayish, 

 and it is likely that it furnished most of the bones which are known 

 collectively as the yellow series, although this is not certain. Some 

 of the matrix is neither gray nor yellow, and it is possible that cer- 

 tain of the yellow bones may have come from the other quarry. The 

 value, therefore, of the color of the matrix, in determining the field 

 association of the bones, is limited. Variation in color depends upon 

 the condition of the iron oxide of the matrix, and probably also upon 

 the original conditions of decay of the animal tissue. The quarry 

 was reworked by Mr. J. B. Hatcher for the Carnegie Museum in 1901. 



There may have been one more quarry in this vicinity which per- 

 haps furnished some of the sauropod material, but the nature and 

 the location of it are not known ; indeed, the types of Aniphicaelias 

 alius and A. latits may have come from this quarry, about which no 

 reliable information is available. All three quarries are located a 

 short distance north of the quarry worked by Mr. M. P. Felch, later 

 known as the Marsh-Hatcher quarry, which yielded the genotypes 

 Diplodociis longiis Marsh and Haplocanthosaurus priscus Hatcher, 

 also H. iitterbacki Hatcher. The INIarsh-Hatcher quarry was ex- 

 cavated at a lower geological level than the Cope quarries. 



