394 OSBORN AND MOOK— CHARACTERS AND RESTORATION 



Present Reconstructions and Restorations. 



The accompanying illustrations represent both a reconstruction 

 and a restoration, based upon the topotype materials of four or more 

 individuals of Camarasauriis. The skull characters are partly based 

 upon the Camarasauriis topotype skull bones and largely upon the 

 nearly complete skull originally referred to Morosaurus by Osborn ; 

 it is probable but not certain that this reference is correct. 



It is very important to note that the four chief skeletons and two 

 of the remaining skeletons are of approximately the same linea/r 

 measurements, but differ slightly in proportions. 



Chief Proportions of the Skeleton. 



1. The enlargement and elevation of the shoulder above the rela- 

 tively depressed and reduced sacropelvic region is one of the most 

 surprising features of this reconstruction. This proportion cannot 

 be considered as actually demonstrated, because only two complete 

 ilia were found with the four skeletons, and they belong to the same 

 individual. It is possible that these ilia and other bones of the pelvis 

 represent another individual than those individuals represented by 

 the massive scapulocoracoid bones. The other pubes and ischia are 

 of the same size as in the pelvis figured in the restoration. 



This makes the highest point in the backbone between the shoul- 

 ders, as contrasted with the previous restorations of Brontosaurus 

 and Diplodocus by Osborn, in which the pelvic region is made the 

 high point. Recent studies of Apatosaurus by Osborn and Gregory 

 make the shoulders higher than the sacrum. 



2. The neck is rather massive and the neck and shoulders bore 

 the chief weight. The heaviest portion of the chest was at the fourth 

 rib, where the relatively immobile hyposphen-hypantrum articulation 

 of the dorsal vertebrae begins. 



3. As shown in the articulated skeleton (Fig. 3) the total length 

 and height of the animal, with the spinal curvatures and in the walk- 

 ing pose, were as follows : 



Elevation of tlie head above the ground 20 to 22 feet 



Total length from the front of the head to tlie tip of the tail . . 50 to 52 feet 

 Height of the backbone at the shoulder 13 to 14 feet 



