268 BOTANICAL INTRODUCTION. 



er than the other two. Pepper, radish, and mustard, are in 

 this class. 



loth class. Monadelphia or one brotherhood ; in this class 

 we include all such plants as have their filaments united into 

 one set. The fifth order of this class contains the genus pas- 

 siflora or passion-flower; the seventh order contains pelar- 

 gonium, and includes the genus geranium ; the thirteenth order 

 malvacae, includes those flowers whose stamens are united in 

 a column, as the hollyhock, camellia japonica, mallow, and 

 cotton. 



16th class. Diadelphia, tv/o brotherhoods; this class includes 

 all those flowers which have iheir filaments united into two 

 sets. The flowers of this class are called papilionaceous or 

 butterfly-shape, as the bean and the pea. When these flowers 

 contain ten separate stamens, even if papilionaceous, it is 

 placed in the 10th class, Decandria. But this is a point diffi- 

 cult to ascertain, as in the pea for instance, it is necessary to 

 take a pin and separate the filament which is alone, in order to 

 perceive that it is not united to the other nine. This class con- 

 tains the fumaria, Seneca snakercot, and the whole family of 

 plants with leguminous pods. 



17th class. Syngenesia; this comprises a great number of 

 plants. The essential marks of this class consist in the union 

 of anthers ; this gives a compound character to the flowers, 

 making each plant a collection of little florets, placed upon 

 the same receptacle, and within one common calyx; add to this 

 the five stamens with their anthers united, forming a little 

 tube. This class includes the marigold, the genus artemisia, 

 the family of the asters, solidago or golden rod, and the genus 

 chrysanthemum. 



ISth class. Gynandria. This presents an entirely new fea- 

 ture, which is the situation of the stamens upon the pistil, 

 since the stamens appear to proceed from that organ. In this 



