72 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



for from 200 to 400 gallons for fruit trees. If used in water it will be 

 best to use one or two pounds of lime for each barrel. 



Among the contact insecticides, kerosene is the cheapest and most 

 effectual. It can be used as an emulsion, with either hard or soft soap, 

 at the rate of one gallon in 15 gallons of water, upon nearly all plants 

 during the summer. At this strength it will be effectual against most 

 plant lice. When used against scale insects at this time, the streiigth 

 should be doubled. During the winter and early spring, before growth 

 starts, one gallon of kerosene may be used with three pr four gallons 

 of emulsion, and this strength is desirable against many scale insects. 



During the last few years special pumps have been invented for the 

 making of chemical emulsions of both crude and refined kerosene. 

 The proportions can be the same as those given above, but care should 

 be taken to use a fine spray, and, when the stronger emulsions are 

 used, a warm, bright day in spring should be selected. 



When trees are to be sprayed, a pump with brass working parts 

 should be used, and this should be mounted on a barrel or tank, the 

 latter being always desirable where large orchards are to be treated. 

 For tall trees there should be extension rods of brass or bamboo, at 

 the end of which a nozzle that will throw a mist-like spray should be 

 placed. A good pump will carry tw^o lines of hose, with double or triple 

 nozzles at the end of each, and with such an outfit an orchard can 

 be quickly, cheaply and effectually sprayed. 



WEDNESDAY EVENING. 

 DR. FREER'S LECTURE ROOM AT 7 O'CLOCK. 



LIQUID AIR. 



PAUL C. FREER, PH. D., M. D. 



An abstract can give no fitting idea of this beautiful and interesting 

 lecture, nor could a report of the lecture in full do justice to its presenta- 

 tion unless accompanied by full illustrations of the apparatus used 

 and the experiments performed. The liquid air machine exhibited is the 

 only one between New York and San Francisco. For a full hour Dr. Freer 

 held the audience spellbound, as well by his personality and beauty 

 of diction as by his unique experiments with liquid air. These experi- 

 ments were to the entire audience a revelation. No person attending 

 the Institute will ever forget these experiments, made possible through 

 the kindness of Dr. Freer. 



