98 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



gard is engendered, a social instinct and polish is inculcated and all with- 

 out one minute taken from needed sleep or a minute in the presence of 

 evil temptations. 



Lastly, a mighty impetus is given toward united action which is so es- 

 sential, Vet which in the past has been so fatally lacking in rural affairs. 



The Farmers' Clubs have proved their adaptability to Michigan soil 

 and I believe that the progress of the last few years will continue. 



Between the grange and the clubs the closest relation possible should 

 exist. The interests of one are the interests of both. In matters of 

 legislation a joint committee would be more effective than two independ- 

 ent committees. A joint recommendation from the clubs and grange 

 would now represent very fairly the sentiment of the best element among 

 Michigan's farmers. When Granges and Clubs become so numerous that 

 their voice will be recognized and accepted as 



THE VOICE OF THE RURAL CLASSES, 



Avhen we can rise as one man and make specific demands, our voice will 

 be heard. 



When this day comes our present taxation laws will be revised and 

 the revised laws 'will be properly enforced. Many advantages now pecu- 

 liar to the city will be ours. Equity and economy will replace injustice 

 and extravagance. In short the Michigan Agriculturist will have come 

 to his own. May God speed the day when we as farmers actively ado])t 

 as ours our national motto: E Pluribus Fnum! 



FRIDAY AFTERNOON. 



Wm. Ball, presiding. 



QUESTION BOX. 



Burt Tyack, Troy: Why do large woody l)unclie,s appear ou the roots of red 

 raspberries ?- 



W. L. Dean: They are root galls. The plants so affected should be dug up and 

 burned. 



Q. Is it best for a dairyman to raise his coavs or buy them? 



C. D. Smith: It depends altogether on his surroundings. Generally it pays 

 better to raise the calves from your best cows. Your herd will then steadily im,- 

 prove if you use thoi'oughbred bulls. 



Q. Wliat does it cost at the Experiment Station to produce a pound of beef? 



H. W. Mumford: It depends ou the age of the steer, young steers costing one- 

 half as much as two-year-olds; and on the cost of the feed. 



Q. What shall we do with the sparrow? 



Ans. Kill him. 



Q. How much protein is there in coarse middlings? Is it a good feed for cows 

 arid calves? 



C. D. Smith: Middlings contain usually about 15 to 16 per cent of total protein. 

 They are an excellent feed for calves and for cows too, but for the latter are in- 

 ferior to wheat bran. 



Q. What use is made of the tons of unpalatable butter made in unsanitary sur- 

 roundings and sold in local stores? 



C. D. Smith: Part of it goes to establishments where it is reworked, rewashed, 

 and resalted and recolored to a uniform product, and is then sold as imitation 

 creamery. The next worse grade goes to establishments whei-e it is melted and 

 treated with something to remove rancidity, and is then put on the market In com- 

 petition with decent butter. The worst stuff is melted into grease. 



