ii'2 STATE HOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



E. A. Crumuu: It would depend on circumstances. If be liad a good sale for 

 his butter he might better make it at home, otherwise talve to factory. You cau 

 make better butter, or as good at least, in a private dairy as a creamery, because 

 you have control of the milk from the start. 



Q. What per cent of anilk goes into the cream? 



E. A. Croman: Twenty to twenty-five per cent. 



THURSDAY AFTERNOON. 



L. J. Post, pre.«!iding. 



QUESTION BOX. 



(}. How would an Ayrshire cuw do for a ciiy milk man'.' 



C. D. Smith: First rate, except that the thoroughbreds, though gentle, are apt 

 to be nervous and many of them have very short teats. 



Q. My cows, carefully housed all winter, were lately afflicted with garget. What 

 is the cause and remedy? 



C. D. Smith: There may have been either one of a number of causes— too high 

 feeding, irregular feeding, lying on a cold floor, contagious garget. The remedy is 

 to keep the bowels open by an aperient, the kidneys Avorking by a dose of salt- 

 peter; keep cow warm and comfortable; apply locally hot fomentations or cam- 

 phorated oil. 



Q. Is it necessary to put milk utensils in the sun after .scalding? 



C. D. Smith: While not necessary, it is adA'isable where convenient. Sunshine 

 is a great germicide. 



Q. Has the increase in butter fat percentage been at the expense of quantity of 

 milk? 



C. D. Smith: Yes, to some extent. That is, you can hardly expect to find with 

 the same cow, a large flow and a high per cent of fat. 



Q. Which is the better silo, round or square, and which is cheaper in the end? 



C. D. Smith: For a small herd I urge a square silo, because one can be made 

 of less horizontal area and more ecomonically. For a large herd I recommend the 

 round silo with either horizontal or vertical lining. The square silo is built with 

 horizontal ribs and upright boards. 



Q. Will it pay to use commercial fertilizers in general farming in this State? 



C. D. Smith: I hope the time will be long delayed when farmers shall begin to 

 rely on commercial fertilizers. You cannot restore lost fertility with this kind of 

 plant food. Most soils long cultivated need humus more than anything else. It 

 may pay to use commercial fertilizers to grow green crops to plow under. It may 

 pay to use them to give wheat a better start in the fall. It may pay under various 

 conditions to use them in connection with barnyard manure, but never to replace ii. 

 Q. Is there any difference between medium red clover, June clover, antl mam- 

 moth clover? 



Geo. T. Powell: Yes; while medium and June clover are the same, the variety 

 differs from mammoth clover in being both earlier and smaller, yielding a better 

 hay. Nothing equal to mammoth clover to restore humus to the soil. Clover silage 

 is liable to rot because of its highly nitrogenous composition. The best silage crop 

 is corn, and because of the large yield per acre it is also the most economical. 



Q. Is the Humming Bird separator a good implement for a man having but one or 

 two cows and making butter for the use of the family? 



C. D. Smith: It will take the fat all out of the skim milk, which is thiLS left 

 warm for the calves and pigs. It takes probably a little less work than to set the 

 milk in cold deep setting, but does not affect the quality of the butter except that 

 it dispenses with the pantry kept an even temperature and free from odors. 



Q. Is the first milk drawn from a .Tersey rieJier than the first milk drawn from 

 a ELolstein? 



C. D. Smith: Probably not. The very first milk in either case Avould be about 

 Avorthless as far as the butter it contains is concerned. 



