FARMERS' INSTITUTES. 95 



Symptoms. — If the parasites are not present in too large numbers the 

 symptoms are very similar to those of the preceding disorders and there- 

 fore the post-mortem is necessary for a positive diagnosis. If present 

 in large numbers they may cause quite sudden death in apparently 

 thrifty animals as they sometimes die in three or four hours after the 

 first symptoms appear. The most marked symptom is the convulsions 

 into which the animal is thrown. 



Treatment. — The following mixture is recommended: Oil of male 

 fern, one teaspoonful, powdered areca-nut two teaspoonfuls, turpentine 

 one teaspoonful, new milk, three ounces. Shake vigorously. This is to 

 be given as one dose, after the animal has fasted for at least eighteen 

 hours. It is a very good practice to follow in the course of three or 

 four hours with a laxative, using three or four ounces of Epsom salts 

 dissolved in water. After administering the salts the animals may be 

 fed. It is well to keep them in an inclosure of such a nature that any 

 worms which may be passed can be collected and destroyed. A second 

 treatment may be given in four or five days if it seems necessary. 



LUNG WORMS. 



The lung worm, another parasite affecting sheep, takes up its abode 

 in the lungs. There are two species, one a slender white worm some 

 three inches in length, the other from one-half to three-fourths of an 

 inch in length. 



Symptoms. — These parasites, on account of the irritation which they 

 produce, cause more or less inflammation of the lung, and as a result 

 we get the symptoms characteristic of lung disorders. Coughing is quite 

 a prominent symptom. A post-mortem is necessary to diagnose the dis- 

 ease. To examine for these worms, remove the lungs and windpipe, 

 commencing at the upper end of the windpipe, open it the entire length 

 and also follow out and open the little tubes leading out through the 

 lungs. If the worms are the cause of trouble they will be easily de- 

 tected, especially the larger species. 



Treatment. — This consists of an injection into the windpipe, and is of 

 such a nature that it requires one acquainted with the parts to administer 

 it. I would, therefore, recommend the employment of a veterinarian. 



GENERAL PREVENTION. 



While, perhaps, perfect prevention is not possible, certain practices 

 have a very marked effect in holding all these diseases in subjection. 



Do not use a permanent pasture for sheep, but rather have the sheep 

 pasture enter the crop rotation. It is not best to use the same pasture 

 two years in succession. 



Do not pasture sheep on low wet land, as it is more likely to be af- 

 fected with these parasites than upland. 



Change the sheep to different pastures as frequently as possible dur- 

 ing the summer. 



Do not compel the sheep to graze closely; in so doing they are apt 

 to pick up the eggs and parasites. 



If the breeding ewes are affected with any of these parasites, separate 

 the Iambs from their mothers as soon as possible and place them on pas- 



