P^ARMERS' INSTITUTES. 93 



good. The length of time it takes for the disease to ran its course 

 varies with the extent of infection and the constitution of the indi- 

 vidual. They oftentimes linger from one to two months. The only 

 way to diagnose the disease for a certainty is to hold a post mortem 

 examination. If the stomach worm has been the cause of the trouble 

 the parasites will be found in quite large numbers upon opening the 

 fourth stomach. On account of the smallness of the parasite, they are 

 sometimes overlooked. They may be mixed with the contents of the 

 stomach, or be upon the walls of the organ, or again gathered into 

 masses; where masses are formed they are generall}' at the outlet of 

 the stomach, where it opens into the small intestine. If the animal 

 is opened soon after death they will be found to be very active. 



Importance of a post ^xor^em.— Inasmuch as treatment is much more 

 effectual if commenced early, and also from the fact that we get the 

 same symptoms in other diseases, it is always best, when a number of 

 animals in a flock show unthriftiness, to destroy one most affected and 

 hold a post mortem in order to determine the exact cause of the disease. 

 The others may then be treated much more intelligently. 



Treatment. — A number of different preparations have been recom- 

 mended in treating this disease. The old remedy and one that is yet 

 often used, and sometimes with apparent benefit, is turpentine. The 

 dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful given in four ounces of 

 new milk. The animal should be fasted from twelve to eighteen hours 

 before giving the medicine. The dose may be repeated two or three 

 times at intervals of two or three days. 



Another treatment which has come into use more recently, is gasoline. 

 The dose is the same as that of turpentine and is given in the same 

 manner. 



Another preparation is coal tar creosote. A one per cenjLsolution of 

 this is used. To make a one per cent solution add t^aoa ounces of 

 coal tar creosote to three quarts of water. This is practically a one per 

 cent solution. The dose of this (one per cent solution) is from two to 

 four ounces, depending upon the size of the lamb. Give without further 

 dilution in the same manner as the others. 



A little care is necessary in giving medicine to sheep, not to choke 

 them. Especially is this true if gasoline is used. The best method is 

 for the one giving the medicine to place the sheep on its haunches 

 in front of him and with the left hand under the chin elevate the nose 

 a little, only enough so the medicine will flow to the back part of the 

 mouth. Pour the medicine into the mouth from a small bottle held in 

 the right hand. 



Again I wish to emphasize that the earlier these remedies are given 

 the more satisfactory will be the results, and hence the necessity of an 

 early and correct diagnosis of the disease. 



I also wish to recommend the use of a mixture of equal parts of sul- 

 phate of iron and sulphate of copper; this mixture is valuable as a 

 tonic, as well as having value in destroying the worms. It can be used in 

 connection with any of the foregoing and can be given in grain, as 

 bran or oats. Animals infested with these intestinal parasites should 

 always be grained. The dose of the iron and copper mixtures is about 

 an ounce for thirty-five or forty lambs. Dissolve in a pint of water 

 and pour over the grain, stirring it so as to get the solution evenly 



