^Pear Culture in California and J^rance. 115 



trees of llambo, root-grafted (about one hundred), were all killed to the ground, while 

 in Mr. Juliu Gamble's orchard, about one-quarter of a mile distant, there were two 

 trees of this kind, top-grafted, planted out in 1851, twenty-two years ago, which 

 were uninjured, are now perfectly sound and bear plentifully. 



I will state here, that in Mr. Gramblc's orchard are four trees of what he calls 

 " Early Sheep's Nose," which is a very fine apple and great bearer, ripening in 

 August ; perfectly hardy top-worked, but tender and worthless root-grafted. This 

 kind came from a nursery in Henry county, Iowa, twenty-two years ago. I cannot 

 make it out to be identical with any other known variety, though it probably is. 

 Can some one give information about it ? Being a constant bearer, it is a very pro- 

 fitable summer fruit. 



To close this communication, already too long, I will say that I have in my grounds 

 at Knoxville, several trees of Williams' Favorite, four of which are top-grafted four 

 feet or upwards from the ground ; have been in bearing about ten years, and have 

 never failed to produce a good crop annually, ripening gradually from fifteenth of 

 August to about the last of September. They are among the best, and by far the 

 most profitable summer apple I have ; while I have three others, root-grafted, and 

 five of such will not, in proportion to age and size, produce as much as one of the 

 top-grafted trees. I will add further, that from an experience with this kind of tea 

 years' fruiting, it is, for all qualities, without a rival as a summer fruit. 



Knuxville, Iowa. 



Pear Culture in California and France. 



EXPERIENCE has demonstrated that the pear withstands the vicissitudes of the 

 climatic influences of California, even better than the apple ; and that its 

 culture in all parts of the State has met with complete success. It is undoubtedly 

 better fitted to the warm sunshine of our long summers than the apple, though the 

 latter may find its genial position at heights among the foothills and mountains 

 where the pear would not as well succeed. 



Warm, sunny France has ever been the home and paradise of the pear, and from 

 there we derived all of our best varieties, until at last a few kinds were orio-iaated 

 in our own Atlantic country, worthy of a place in the catalogues of good pears. 

 With our climate, so strikingly genial for the growth of this excellent fruit we 

 ought to originate at least a few new varieties equal to the best, and we hope 

 pomologists will turn their attention to this subject. 



The pear, particularly the autumn and winter varieties, will bear transportation 

 better than the apple, and bring a higher price both in the home and Eastern 

 markets. Indeed, it has already become an export fruit for the European market 

 and one which will increase as the qualities for export shall become more fully 

 developed by experiment, and the tastes of consumers consulted. 



Of all fruits, perhaps no one is better adapted to general use, as an article of food. 

 Its inviting appearance, sprightly vinous flavor, sugary, melting, aromatic taste and 

 nutritious ingredients, both in its fresh and cooked state, should commend this 

 fruit to an increased and extensive cultivation. — Pacific Rural Press. 



