Lesley.] ]^QQ fNoyember, 



A similar section might be made, for comparison, starting from 

 the same headland westward, along the cliffs, past Cadougan's Creek, 

 which corresponds to Little Glace Bay, to the mouth of Lingan Bay, 

 which in like manner corresponds to Great Glace Bay. Many inte- 

 resting variations in the metals would appear from such a comparison. 

 While the general regularity and parallelism is remarkable, there are 

 numerous minor irregularities ; some fine instances of false bedding 

 and local deposition ; lenticular masses of sand separating adjacent 

 mud-rocks ; passages of shales into sandstones, and vice versa ; gra- 

 dual coalescing of scattered nodules of clay iron-stone into solid plates, 

 or their gradual pervading of a thick bed of fire-clay, hardening it 

 into so refractory a rock, that its outcrop forms a reef far out to sea. 

 Instances occur of the splitting of coal-beds. The Lingan bed, for 

 example, has, on the sea-shore, a clay parting of half an inch, which, 

 in a quarter of a mile inland, thickens to nine inches j and then, in 

 four hundred yards of gangway continued inland, thickens to nine 

 feet, throwing the upper member of the bed entirely beyond the 

 workings.* In this we have probably the explanation of the differ- 

 ence between the abandoned Bridgeport bed, on the south shore of 

 Lingan Bay, and the Lingan bed on the north shore, separated by a 

 wide and gentle anticlinal ; the Bridgeport bed being but 7 feet 

 thick, while the Lingan bed is 9. 



A second repetition of the lower half of the section was actually 

 obtained from the cliffs to the eastward of Great Glace Bay ; in fact, 

 the section was completed by an examination of the lowest rocks 

 which rise here from the sea. 



The section here represented includes the productive coal-measures 

 of Cape Breton, with five workable beds of coal, one of which can 

 hardly be called workable in this area, whatever may be its character 

 in others. In Mr. Brown's section of the North Sydney coal-mea- 

 sures, there are enumerated indeed thirty-four coal-seams ; but only 

 four are said to be of workable thickness : Cranberry Head, 3.8 feet; 

 interval (measuring downwards) 280 feet; Lloyd's Cove, 5.0; inter- 

 val 730 feet; Main Seam, 6.9; interval 450 feet; Indian Cove, 4.8. 

 Mr. Brown's whole section extends to a depth of 1860 feet, or along 

 5000 yards at a dip of 7° to the N. 60° E. 



* The Cook Vein, at Broad Top City in Pennsylvania, has a sandrock parting 

 two feet thick, between two 2 foot beds of coal. At the present heading of the 

 long drift, this rock, after first disappearing, leaving the bed of coal 6 feet thick, 

 has increased to 10 feet of tough rock, between two 6 inch beds of coal. This in- 

 crease of ten feet takes place without crush in a distance of only three to four 

 yards. 



