1864.] 477 [Lesley. 



bank at a depth of say 60 feet from the surface, I saw the top of a 

 body of ore which was as solid as a mass of cellular brown-hematite 

 ore could be. In other parts the ore is distributed through clay. 

 The whole is worked with pick and shovel. The large tip-heaps at 

 Caledonia-bank show the quantity of stripping done, rather than the 

 amount of clay mixed with the ore, and the small size of the tip- 

 heaps about the two Pond-banks speak well for a large percentage 

 of ore in proportion to clay. 



Taking, then, the length and the width of the three banks for a 

 basis of calculation, and giving only 50 feet as the average depth of 

 the ore, and deducting 50 per cent, for clay (which is very large), 

 we see: 1000 yds.xlOO yds.xlT yds. -^- 2=850,000 cubic yards 

 of ore in the ground, from which the extracted ore has been deducted. 

 Starting with this amount of ore "in sight," and applying the 

 calculation to the ore descending on the west, ascending again on 

 the east, outspreading to the south, and filling the little valley be- 

 hind the Little Mountain, past the English diggings, we get many 

 millions of tons in addition, and under precisely the same conditions, 

 viz. with a variable covering of soil, clay, and loam, say from six 

 to twenty feet thick • nearly horizontal ; compact towards the bottom 

 and loaded with clay in places ; the ore all in small pots, and shards, 

 and gravel-like pieces ; yielding about fifty per cent, of metal, and 

 showing a neutral character, making excellent iron. The amount 

 of clay in these banks is highly in excess of the amount at the 

 Home-banks. On the other hand the amount of silica is less. 



The Lower Pond-bank is said to have mined from five to ten 

 thousand tons of ore, beginning within ten feet below the surface, 

 and descending at least thirty feet, without bottom. 



The Upper Pond-bank is said to have a depth of forty-three feet 

 in ore, the ore coming to within ten feet of the surface. From 

 the bottom of the original central shaft they drove a tunnel out to 

 daylight, and used it afterward.s for hauling out the ore. 



The English diggings, on the back of the Little Mountain, are 

 only a trench, fifty feet wide by one hundred and fifty long, and 

 from five to twenty-five feet deep, cut slanting up the side of the 

 mountain (or hill, as it really is not 200 feet high), and showing a white 

 clay covering, massive, eight feet thick, dipping 20° to the eastward. 

 The ore, which is under it, cannot now be seen, because of the condi- 

 tion of the pit; but a set of fresh trial pits, outside of the main pit, 

 show the ore in good condition within five feet of the soil. 



A branch railroad from Scotland Station, up the valley of the 



