the trades school in the transvaal. 367 



Distinctions between Trades Schools, Industrial Schools, 

 AND Manual Training Centres. 



Ill order that clear ideas may obtain it is necessary to dis- 

 tinguish the differences in the tuition given in Trades Schools, 

 Industrial Schools, and in Manual Training Centres. 



The Trades School: 



A Trades School may be called an Industrial J Hgh School 

 where a boy works for half the day in the shops and in the other 

 half in the classroom ; in the classroom he is given elementary 

 technical instruction in the trade he is following under the trades- 

 man instructor in the workshops ; and also his education is con- 

 tinued in certain subjects from Standard \" to Standard VII 

 inclusive. 



The arrangement of the course of instruction m the 

 Trades School may be compared to the sandwich system in 

 vogue in many of the University Technical Colleges of Europe 

 in which attendance at the day classes of the College is alter- 

 nated half-yearly with attendance at Commercial Workshops, 

 the difference between the Trade School and such Colleges 

 being (a) the College trains future captains of industry, while 

 the Trades School trains the rank and file; and (&) in the 

 College system, the workshops are separate entities, while in the 

 Trades School the workshops are brought to the school so that 

 the boy may attend both at the minimum of expense to his 

 parents. A Trades School can never become self-sup|)orting 

 because it is primarily an educational institution and a manufac- 

 tory only as the circumstances of the training given in it permit. 



The Industrial School: 



In an industrial school, as a rule, a boy works all day at one 

 trade or craft ; he receives no instruction in the elementary tech- 

 nical and scientific principles underlying the trade he is follow- 

 ing. Two hours' school is usually given, in the late afternoon 

 or evening, in reading, writing and arithmetic according to the 

 fourth standard of the primary school code. As such industrial 

 schools are nearly always intended to be self-supporting, by 

 means of the work carried out by the pupils, the craft instruc- 

 tion given depends to a great extent on the nature of the contract 

 work on hand. 



The Manual Training Centres: 



Manual training deals with the general principles involved 

 in the use of tools, the methods of working materials, and the 

 making of constructional drawings in such a way as to train 

 the intelligence and develop the character of the pupil. It aims 

 at giving an intelligent mastery over tools, materials and methods 

 as well as general practical dexterity, which will be useful in 

 an\ walk in life that the pupil may follow. The result of such 



