368 ■ THE TRADES SCHOOL IN THE TRANSVAAL. 



teaching is a strengthening of the intelligence, character and 

 productive activity of the pupil. Manual training instruction 

 has, therefore, two sides — (i) educational, (2) utilitarian. Such 

 training on its utilitarian side must be looked upon as preparatory 

 to trade training — may even be called preparatory trade training 

 — and is essential before instruction in trade processes and 

 methods is commenced. Such training should be taken 

 before the speciiic instruction given in trades schools is 

 attempted : it should, therefore, be given in the school where 

 the boy has received his general education up to the point of 

 entry to a trade either through the trades school or through the 

 shops of a commercial firm. Recent experimental psychology 

 has shown that hand training must precede trade training if 

 manual dexterity is to mature to perfection: thus manual train- 

 ing is not merely a counter irritant to book-learning, but a neces- 

 sary part of education due to changed social conditions brought 

 about by changes in industry. 



References in Tk.xt. 



0. " Conference on Technical, Industrial and Commercial 



Education." Government Stationery Office, Pretoria, 

 1912. 



1. " The Edvicational Ideas of Pestalozzi." by J. A. Grees, B.A. 



2. " Emile." 



3. See (1). 



4. "Report: Transvaal Indigency Commission," page 155, para- 



graph 311. 



5. J bid., page 83, paragraph 155. 



6. J bid., page 83, paragraph 154. 



7. Ibid., page 156, paragraph 314. 



8. Ibid., page 153, paragraph 307. 



9. Prof. Perry : Address at the Opening of the New Engineer- 



ing Laboratories, Belfast Technical Institute, November, 

 1911. 



10. "Report: Transvaal Indigency Commission," page 158, 



paragraph 316. 



11. Ibid., page 55, paragraph 102. 



12. Report. 1911 : Association of Technical Institutions 



13. Report: Transvaal Indigency Commission, page 156, para- 



graph 316. 



14. " Schoolcraft," February, 1912. 



15. " Report: Transvaal Indigency Commission." page 153, para- 



graph 307. 



16. Ibid., page 28, paragraph 55. 



17. Ibid., page 2/, paragraph 53. 



18. Ibid., page 50, paragraph 95. 



19. For a description of these see The Cape Education Gazette. 



20. "Report: Transvaal Indigency Commission," ])ages 32 and 



45. paragraphs 60 and 83. 



