380 iivdr()(.raim[i^r's department of the admiralty. 



When yon come to Orfordnesse. if the wind do serve ycni to go a 

 seaboard the sands, do you set off from thence, and note the time dili- 

 gently of 3-our beins' against the said Nesse, turning then your glass, 

 whereby \ou intend to keep your continual watcli. and appoint such 

 course as you shall think good, according as the wind serveth you; and 

 from that time forwards contiiuially ( if your shij) be loose, under sail, 

 a liull or trie) do you at tlie end of every 4 glasses at the least (except 

 calm ) sound with your dipsin lead, and note diligently what depth you 

 find, and also the grdmid. I'.ut if it happen liy swiftness of the ship's 

 way, or otherwise, that mui cannot get ground, yet note what depth you 

 prove, and could find no ground (this note is to be oliserved all your 

 voyage, as well outwards as liomewards). Rut when you come upon any 

 coast, or do find any shoaled bank in the sea, you are then to use your 

 lead oftener, .is you shall think it requisite, noting diligently the order of 

 your deptlT, and the deeping and shohling. And so likewise do you note 

 the depths into harbours, rivers, etc. 



And in keeping your dead reckoning, it is very necessary that you do 

 ni)te .it the end of every four glasses, what way the ship hath made (by 

 your liest ])roofs to be used) and how lier way hath l)een through the 

 water, considering withal for the sag of the sea, to leewards, accordingly 

 a'- you sliall finrl it grown: and also to note the depth, and what things 

 worth tin nming liapijcned in that time, with also the wind upon what 

 point you lind it then, and of wliat force or strength it is. and what sails 

 you bear. 



But if \'ou shiiuld (Unit to note tliose things at the end of every four 

 glasses, T would not liavc you to let it slip any longer time, then to note it 

 diligently at the end nt every walcli. or eight glasses at the farthest. 



Do }-ou diligently observe the latitude as often, and in as many places 

 as you may possilile, .and also the variation of the compass (especially 

 when you may l)e at shore upon any land) noting the same observations 

 truly, and the place and places where, and the time and times when you do 

 the same. 



When you come to have si.ght of any coast or land wliatsoever, do you 

 presently set the same with }our sailing compass, how it bears off you, 

 noting your judgment how f;ir you think it from you, drawin,g also the 

 form of it in your book, how it appears unto you, notin.g diligently how the 

 highest or notablest part thereof beareth ot¥ you, and the extremes also 

 in sight of the same land at both ends, distinguishing them by letters. A, B, 

 C. etc. Afterwards when you have sailed i. 2, 3, or 4 glasses (at the most) 

 noting diligently what way your bark hath made, and upon what point of 

 the coinpass do you again set that first land seen, or the parts thereof, that 

 you first observed, if you can well perceive or discern them, and likewise 

 such other notable points or signs upon the land that you may then see 

 and could not perceive at the first time, distinguishing it also by letters 

 from the other, and drawing in your book tlie shape of the same land, as it 

 appeareth unto you, and so the third time, etc. 



And also in passing alongst by any and every coast, do }ou draw the 

 manner of biting in of every Bay and entrance of every harbour or river's 

 mouth, with the lying out of every ])oint, or headland (unto which you may 

 give apt names at your pleasure ) and make some mark in drawing the 

 form and border of the same, where the high cliffs are and where low 

 land is. whether sand, hills, or woods, or whatsoever, not omitting to note 

 anything that may be sensible and apparent to you. which may serve to 

 any good purpose. If you carefully with great lieed and diligence note the 

 observations in your l)ook, as aforesaid, and afterwards make demonstra- 

 tions thereof in your plat, you shall thereby perceixe how far the land you 

 first saw, or the parts thereof ol)served, was then from you, and conse- 

 quently of all the rest ; and also how far the one part was from tlie other, 

 and u]>on what course or point of the compass the one lieth from the 

 other. 



