214 SUGAR PRODUCTION IN MOZAMBIQUE. 



of the pans are connected by large tubes to Toricellian Baro- 

 metric condensors and a Vacuum pump, the interior of the pans 

 always being more or less in vacuo throughout the boiling pro- 

 cess. 



In these pans the syrup is boiled slowly and concentrated 

 until a fine grain like sand appears ; this is the commencement 

 of the formation of Sugar, and as the process is continued the 

 grains increase in size. 



When the size of grain required is reached, the boiling is 

 stopped, air admitted, and a valve at the bottom opened, and the 

 massecuite — that is, the sugar surrounded by a " masse " of 

 treacle or molasses — flows out into the tanks, where it is cooled 

 previous to being separated in the Centrifugal machines. 



These are baskets of fine wire gauze, suitably supported 

 and. revolved at a high speed of g.ooo circumferential feet per 

 minute ; the fluid molasses is impelled through the holes leaving 

 the granular Sugar behind in the baskets, from which it is dis- 

 charged every few minutes. 



The Sugar is now ready for bagging and shipment. Any 

 class of sugar is made at this Factory for Refineries or for 

 direct consumption without charcoal filtration. 



Additional Machinery. 



Tzvo Stone Flour Mills: — To make flour for the Native 

 labourers, who are all fed on the Estate. 

 Vertical Saw : — To cut up logs. 

 Circular Sazv: — To cut u]) firewood. 

 Cold Storage Plant : — For the benefit of the staft'. 

 All the above machinery is steam driven. 



Crops. 



The following are the figures for the year 189,-^ until last 

 year. 



Year Raw Sugar White Sugar 



1893 605 tons _ — 



1894 807 „ — 



1895 -77 ,> — 



1896 966 „ — 



1897 261 „ — 



1898 . . . . . . 1,094 „ — 



1899 1,674 „ — 



1900 2,600 „ — 



1901 1,271 „ — 



1902 i>796 ,, — 



1903 2,056 „ — 



1904 3-7I9 M — 



1905 4.T57 V — 



1906 3,165 „ — 



1907 T-770 „ — 



1908 6,016 ,, — 



