240 NEW BOOKS. 



Monday. Julv 5th: Prof. R. B. Young. ^I.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.E.. F.G.S., 

 Vice-President, in the chair.— " 7//r East F^ami " : Dr. E. T. Mellor. 

 Some of the main features of the .theology of the Eastern Witwatersrand 

 were dealt with on hues similar to those adopted Iw the author in previous 

 papers relating- to the Western and Central portions of the Rand. 



Monday, July 26th: Prof R. B. Young, ^I.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.E.. F.G.S.. 

 Vice-President in the chair.— " T/;c Geolot^v of f^art of Nainaqualaiid '' : 

 Dr. A. W. Rogers. A geolo.gical description of the north-western part 

 of the Division of Xamaqualand. inclusive of the coast belt, a cimsitler- 

 able part of the Xamaqualand highlands, and tlie slope connecting tliose 

 two regions. Onh- the structure of rocks of pre- Karroo age was <k>cril)ed 

 —■•The Jhu'yka Scries in Soutli-U'est Africa": Dr. P. A, Wagner. 

 An account of the author's observations and c inclusions with regard to 

 the Dwyka series as met with in the Protectorate <if Si>uth-\Yest Africa 

 (late German South- West Africa), incidentallv obiection was taken to 

 the indiscriminate application of the term " tillitc " to true murainal 

 dei:)osits as well as to the southern " Dwyka," a nurma! sediment laid dnwn 

 under water. The author proposed to api)lv the term " Dwyka conglome- 

 rate " only to the true bedded and boulder conglomerates of the series, 

 reserving the term "tillite" for de))osits of morainal character, and 

 ■' Dwyka boulder mudstone " for the peculiar rock extensively developed 

 in the southern i)art of the Cape Province, lioulder mudstones present- 

 ing ])recisely similar feature to the latter occur over wide areas of the 

 Keetmanshoop District. The i)rinci])al geological formations of the area 

 are ( i ) superhcial deposits, comprising Kalahari sand and Kalahari 

 limestone. (2) Karroo System, Dwyka Series, and (3) Nama system, 

 I'ish River, or Zwart Modder Series. -The intrusive i.gneous rocks. Karroo 

 dolerite and Kimberlite are also represented : the latter, in a fairly large 

 pil)e apparently barren of diamonds occurs at Rietfontein. Gordonia. 



Sot'TH African Society of Civii. I'^kgixhers. — Wednesday, .Vugust 

 nth: R. W. Menmuir, A.M.I.C.E., \'ice-President, in the chair. — "Road 

 constntction and maintenance iii Jolianncsluirs" : G. S. Burt Andreiws. 

 Road construction and maintenance in Johannesbin-g suffer from >i)ecial 

 disadvantages, such as (i) excessive length of roads compared with 

 poijulation, (2) difficulty of obtaining suitable material, (.3) climatic condi- 

 tions and traffic, (4) method of obtaining funds (.s) lack of re.gulations for 

 development of townships, (6) the extraordinarily rapid .growth of the 

 town. One of the most difficult problems in Johannesburg is the upkeep 

 of unmacadamised roads, and on the macadamised roads one of the .greatest 

 drawbacks is the formation of dust in dry. and of mud in rainy weather, 

 the dust nuisance being particularh^ noticeable. The initial cost of the 

 macadamised roads is £2,640 per mile, and the cost of maintenance about 

 £XSo i^er mile per annum. — '"Constniction iiiauac/enient" : F. T. Patterson. 

 The author urged that young engineers, trained in South Africa, should 

 lie assisted to develop the energv and ability essential in rapid and econo- 

 mical carrying out of engineering construction. The management of 

 labour forces for engineering works must be scientificallv carried out. 

 The policy of the future should be to encourage rather than drive em- 

 ployees to return good output for wages received, and the fundamental 

 basis of a civil engineer's professional training must include the study 

 of difficulties and devising ways of overcoming them. As evidence of 

 the need of change, it was emphasised that the cost of carrying out works 

 is probablv higher within the Union than anywhere else in the world. 



XE\V BOOKS. 



Eveleigh, Rev. W. —-Soutli-lJ'est Africa," 7i X 5^ in., pp. viii. 260. 



London : T. Fisher Unwin. 1915. 5s. nett. 

 Macdonald, William. —" 7/;r Settler )ind South Africa" 7^ X S? in- 



pj). 150. illus. London: LInion-Castle Line. 1914. 6d. 

 Ritchie, Moore — " ll'lth Botlia in tite field." i2mo. Maps and illus. 



London: Longmans, Green &- Co. iQi.v 8 oz. 2s. 6d. 



