374 THE FAULT SYSTEMS IN SOUTH OF SOUTH AFRICA. 



mably by the Cape and Karroo formations. The thicknesses of 

 these last in the area under consideration are : — 



Ecca Series i,ooo feet (the top is not 



preserved) 



Dwyka 1,000 feet. 



Witteberg Series 1600 feet. 



Bokkeveld Series 2,500 feet. 



Table Mountain Series 5,ooo feet. 



Giving a total of 11,000 feet, or a little 



more than 

 two miles. 



To illustrate at the outset what is meant by the imbricate 

 structure, a traverse from the Bredasdorp coast to Prince 

 Albert will exhibit the following succession of strata. 



jst Scale. — At Bredasdorp, near the coast, we have Malmes- 

 bury beds, then comes Table Mountain Sandstone in the hills 

 overlying these ; then tov/ards Caledon comes the overlying 

 Bokkeveid, and at Caledon Mountain a fault. 



2iid Scale. — From Caledon Mountain, which consists of 

 Table Mountain Sandstone, we go northwards over the overlying 

 Bokkeveid beds, which are overlain by Witteberg beds near 

 Genadendal, then comes a fault. 



yd Scale. — From the Genadendal fault, northwards we find 

 the Zonder Einde Mountains made of Table Mountain Sand- 

 stone; at their base lies the overlying Bokkeveid beds, dipping 

 north under the Witteberg; this dips under the Dwyka, and the 

 Dwyka under the Ecca beds near Robertson ; then comes the 

 great Worcester-Swellendam fault. 



4th Scale. — Shifting our line now a little to the east. To 

 begin with, there are the Malmesbury beds under the Table 

 Mountain Sandstone of the Langeberg; above the latter come 

 the Bokkeveid beds of the Ladismith Karroo, brought up against 

 a fault at Calitzdorp. 



5^/f Scale. — In the Cango we have Malmesbury Iteds again 

 overlain by the Table Mountain Sandstone of the Zwartberg 

 Mountains ; these are succeeded on the north by a vajlcy of the 

 overlying Bokkeveid beds; these underlie the Witteberg in the 

 north, the Witteberg underlies the Dwvka, the Dwyka the Ecca, 

 and the Ecca the Beaufort beds ; so we arrive in the Karroo, 

 where the faulting stops. Leaving out the surface features and 

 the folding, we have practically five earth blocks made of the 

 Cape and Karroo strata, all of them inclined towards the north, 

 and cut ofi; by a fault in the south. 



In the division of Ceres the same imbricate structure is 

 exhibited only on a smaller scale, and the tearing forces have not 

 been sufficient to cause definite breaks, so that the faults are 

 represented by monoclines. To the north and east of the Warm 



