3^0 Tli]-: I'ALLr S^ST1:A1S I.\ SdL'TII of SOT'IMI africa. 



line ends in a txpical manner on the west at ( ileticonner, aucL 

 un the east at the Aknn Cave, on the Bushman's River, just 

 east of where tlie main road from Port EHzabeth to (Irahams- 

 town crosses that river. At both ends the fault-pit dies out 

 in a rounded curve, and tlie base of the cretaceous con- 

 glomerates is brought up to the general level of the surface of 

 the country. 



.\t one tin-.e we l)elieved that tlie Uitenhage beds were 

 contemporaneous in all Ihree lines of fault-pits, but recently 

 there lias come to light certain evidence w'hich suggests that 

 there is a distinct lime-interval between the deposits lying in. 

 the inmost or Uitenhage basin and the outer one. Most of 

 the fossils described have come from the Uitenhage basin, but 

 the following fossils liave been found in the outer basins. In 

 the Rivcrsdale basin near Herbertsdale, a series of ferns, dif- 

 ferent in many respects to those of the Wood bed as developed 

 at l)unl)ro(He, along the Sunday's River. At Kn^-sna, in the- 

 estuary, a few marine fossils, such as I'ci iia and Tiigoiiia, also 

 difterent from the fossils found in the marine lieds aL^ng the 

 .Sunday's Ri\er. Ai Seal Point, Tr'ujojiias are found in the 

 Enon conglomerate identical with those found in the Sunday's 

 River beds in Uitenhage. Now. as the .Sunday's River marine 

 l)eds occur at the top of the Uiteniiage series and the Enon 

 conglomerate at the bottom, the presence of the same fossils 

 in both at different j^laces suggests that tlie Seal Point beds 

 are of later date than those of the Uitenhage area. That is to 

 say. su])])osing the order of the deposition of the beds was the 

 same in all three lines of basins, as there is evidence to believe 

 there was. in the Uitenhage the deposits, conglomerates, fresh- 

 water beds and marine beds, had completed the cycle at a time 

 wdien. in the area of the outer line of basin, the deposits were 

 just beginning. Tn the Knysna estuarv . the fossils, although 

 there are .so few. suggest that the beds are later than the typical 

 marine l)eds of Uitenhage. The f(vssils from the fresh-water 

 beds of Heidelberg are indefinite as regards whether tliey are 

 earlier or later than the Uitenhage Wood Bed fossils ; the chief 

 fossil, a Tccniuptcris, which does not occur in Uitenhage, is a 

 long-lived form which Ave first meet with in the Jurassic rocks- 

 of the Stnrmberg. 



Bound up with this ([uestion of want of contemporaneity 

 in the deposits of tb,e three lines of fault-pits is the question' 

 of the level of the floor on which the sediments were de])ositcd. 



The ( )udtshoorn and Baviaans Kloof de])Osits were de- 

 finitelv laid down when the country was submerged 4.000 feet. 

 Although there is no direct evidence in Uitenhage. there is 

 nothing impossible in assuming that the conglomerates were 

 once deposited on a floor which was level with the toi)s of the 

 Zuurberg. 4,000 feet. But if we are to assume that the 

 deposits in the first or outermost line are later in dare than- 



