CAMl". AND 1!1RD PROTECTTOX. 527 



of Wild Life." " Private Game Reserves and their Ftiture," 

 " Game Commissions and Wardens : Their Appointments. 

 Powers, and Duties." "The Game Laws of iQii," "The Game 

 ^\■'arden of To-day." etc. With a large stafif of scientists, 

 foresters, wardens, commissioners, etc.. under an efficient de])art- 

 mental head, it stands to reason that the protection of game and 

 1)irds must Ije nearly as thorough as man can make it. I quote, 

 from the circulars of the Bureau of Biological Survey, some 

 figures which may be a revelation to many in South Africa : — 



Xational Reservations. — In 1912 the total number of re- 

 servations was 95, whereof 66 were under the Department of 

 Agriculture, 12 under the Dejxirtment of Literior, g under 

 the Department of Commerce and Labour, 5 imder the War 

 Department, i under the Navy Department, and 2 others. These 

 were made up as follows : — 10 national parks, 5 national military 

 parks. Q national game preserves, 56 national bird reservations, 

 10 reservations for water birds, and 7 national reservations made 

 game preserves by law. Some of these reserves were, of 

 course, created for other purposes — as, for instance, the military 

 parks and national monuments — l)ut they now serve as bird 

 sanctuaries as well. So far as actual game protection is con- 

 cerned, we need only concern ourselves with the 10 national 

 parks which serve as game reserves, chief of which is. of course, 

 the famous Yellowstone Park in Wyoming, of 2.000.000 acres 

 in extent. The total acreage of the 10 i)arks is given l)y Dr. T. S. 

 Palmer at 4.320.490. 



The Yellowstone Park contains a herd of the pronghorn 

 antelope, mountain sheep, bison, deer, moose, bears, and beavers, 

 and is said to contain the largest herds of elk on the American 

 Continent. 



The game is protected by comprehensive laws for the pro- 

 tection of wild life enacted in 1897. 



A])art from the foregoing State Reservations, private game 

 preserves liave been established, including deer parks and en- 

 closures for big game, unenclosed uplands for big game or game 

 birds, and duck marshes or preserves. These are the pro])erty 

 of private individuals, clubs or corporations. 



British Columbia has now a game reserve of about 450 

 square miles in extent, situated between the Elk and Bull Rivers, 

 and around Lake A'lonro. 



I shall now quote Dr. Palmer : 



Game protection in the United States has ])een developed along some- 

 what broader lines tlian in other countries. Its object is not solely tn 

 preserve a few animals and liirds to furnish sport for a limited 

 class, but to protect and increase useful species for the benefit of 

 the people in general. It preserves, not onh- game animals and game 

 birds, but also Ijirds of song and phimage and those which are benelicial 

 as scavengers or as destroyers of injurious insects and noxious weeds. 



Lie then goes on to detail the relation of the farmer to the 

 Game Laws, and the direct and indirect benefits which h.e derives 

 from such. 



