578 INITIATION RITES OF THE I'.APEDI. 



the thrashing is not only supposed to teach the boys the duty of 

 caring for their cattle, but also to give them power to win cattle 

 from the enemy. The cry used when Tcaf^r-made pap is being 

 eaten shows the reason why they are beaten again. The word 

 Seremela signifies the heap of branches and trees gathered 

 together for burning on virgin land which is being cleared for 

 cultivation. The thrashing in this i)lace, therefore, is not only 

 a warning against idleness in cultivating fields, or clearing 

 ground. l)Ut may also be regarded as a charm to secure the fer- 

 tility of the future crops. 



Note C. — TJic Pmiu cones. — It is i)ossible that these struc- 

 tures may be regarded as " Phalli." but in the absence of suffi- 

 cient evidence it would be unwise to exi)iess a definite opinion on 

 the subject at present. Traces of phallism may be found in the 

 customs of ]:)ractically all the native races of South Africa. The 

 hymns described in this paper, and the symbolic use of cones and 

 rinf/s in nearly every ceremony, bear eloquent testimony to their 

 phalloid nature. The writer has in his ])ossession a stone phallus 

 of perfect form discovered on the site of an ancient cemeterv in 

 this country. Similarly the 7\'/7'/ stone of the Tzaau ( Bushmen) 

 in all ])robability represented the female counterpart, used not 

 onK- as a mechanical aid to the digging stick, but also as a 

 " hom(e()i)athic " charm (as Frazer would call it) for ensuring 

 the feitilitv of tlie ground or the reproduction of the plants ^\•hich 

 were dug u]\ 



Note L). — The ceremony of naming and stabbing models of 

 various animals is a magical rite for ensuring either: 



(a) Skill and success in hunting, or 



(/;) Success in war against other tribes. In this case the 

 models of animals represent the tribes of which those animals 

 are Sihoko. It is noteworthy that no model of the Porcupine, 

 which is the totem of the Baj^edi of Sekukuni, is included in the 

 list of animals stabbed.* 



Use of Blood in Bread.— R. Droste advocates in the 

 Ckcmikcr Zcitung] that hydrogen peroxide should be used 

 instead of yeast or baking powder when making bread to which 

 blood is added. The blood .should be kept in a refrigerator for 

 24 to 36 hours : the serum is then filtered off and added to the 

 dough. 



*S. 



1 39 (1915). 634. 



* See Frazer : •"Golden Bough: Tlie ^NTagic Act," 1. 5;; also "Customs 

 of the. World." 1. 148. 



