METHODS FOR COUNTING IN ELECTIONS. 685 



Effective votes 74, outstanding votes 5, exhausted votes 5. 

 B. lowest member, has 6 votes. These 6 non-effective votes 

 44. HJCAMDIEB; 45. HJMCAB; 46, HMCJAB; 

 three surpkis votes of the value of .75, .75. .5; and three whole 

 votes. 23 E I A J M C D B : 21. D I M A C B ; 47, I D E B, by the 

 fourth choices are all concentrated on the 8 members, giving sur- 

 pluses of 1.5 to M, 1 . 5 to J, and i to A and i vote to B ; all these 

 votes go to B, giving him 4 more votes, and securing complete 

 proportional representation as far as the marking of the choices 

 ■on the 79 ballot-papers will allow. J, M. A, C each get 10.5 

 = 42 ; B, G, K each get 10 = 30 ; and F has 7 ; — or 79 in all. This 

 with 1 /s 5 plumpers =-- 84, giving as on 2nd choices complete Pro- 

 portional Representation as far as the voters' marking of their 

 choices will permit. 



SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF 



THE PEPPER TREE CATERPILLAR, BOMBY- 



COMORPHA PALLIDA DIST. 



By David Gunn. 



'{^Printed as Biilletiii No. 5, 1916, of the Dizisioii of Entomology, 

 Department of Agriculture. Union of SoutJi Africa.) 



NEW TOPOGRAPHICAL METHODS AND 

 INSTRUMENTS. 



By W. C. VAN DER Sterr. 



{Printed in " Journal of the Institute of Land Surveyors of the 

 Transvaal." Vol. 3, No. 8, December, 1915. pp. 346-368.) 



ATOMS, OLD AND NEW. 



By Prof. D. F. du Toit Malherre, M.A., Ph.D. 



(Not printed.) 



