OF BALANOPHOREÆ. 45 
oaks in very humid forests, but, like the rest of the species, it generally grows at the foot 
of the trees immersed in the spongy soil. It causes large knots 2-4 inches in diameter to 
form on the roots of oaks and maples, and these are much sought by the natives for the 
manufacture of the wooden cups in general use throughout the Himalaya and Tibet. 
2. BALANOPHORA DIOICA, Brown in Wall. Cat. 7246; Linn. Trans. xiii. 207 in note. 
Royle, Ill. Plant. Himal. p. 330. t. 99 or 78 a. Schott & Endl. Melét. p. 13 (sub 
B. elongata, BL). 
B. typhina, Wall. Cat. 7248. ; 
B. picta, B. alveolata, B. Burmanica et B. affinis, Griff. in Linn. Trans. xx. pp. 94, 95. t. 3, 4, 5 & 6. 
Variat insigniter rhizomate plus minüsve lobato v. ramoso, lobis crebré v. laxe pustulatis, pustulis simpli- 
cibus stellatim lobulatisve, pedunculis brevibus elongatisve, flavis albis rubrisve, squamis arctè v. 
laxè imbricatis, capitulis omninà unisexualibus v. fæmineis basi androgynis, cylindricis ovoideis 
conoideisve, columnå stamineå brevi v. elongatä, antheris 3-5 arcte v. lax& compactis, floribus 9 ee 
v. longè pedicellatis, capitulo v. pedicello bracteolæ clavatæ insertis. 
Hab. In Himalayæ orientalis, centralis et mont. Khasiæ sylvis subtropicis vulgatissima, alt. 3-7000 ped. 
(T. Thomson et J. D. H.) ; Nepal (Wallich); Birma (Wallich et Griffith); Mont. Mishmee (Griffith). 
- Fl. Aug.-Decembr. (v.v.) 
This is an extremely common species in the Eastern Himalaya and Khasia, and so 
variable, that I am quite unable to define its varieties. Specimens of all sizes may be 
found, from an inch to a foot high, of all degrees of robustness, and of all colours between 
blood-red, yellow and white, or brown. Though usually strictly dicecious, I have found 
capitula bearing only male flowers on female plants, and more frequently male flowers 
towards the base of the female capitula. Schott and Endlicher, and latterly Junghuhn, 
have united this species with Blume’s B. elongata, and I should not be at all surprised 
that they proved the same; but I have never found the Indian to have the long branching 
rhizomes of the Javanese species, and there is much less wax in the plant. 
. B. dioica grows indifferently on the roots of many species of shrubs and trees, but I 
have never found that it produces knots on these, as B. involucrata does. 
3. BALANOPHORA ELONGATA, Blume, En. Pl. Jav. i. 87; Schott & Endl. Melet. 13; Unger, 
Ueb. d. Paras. pp. 26 & 33. t. 2. f. 1, 2; Junghuhn in Nov. Act. Acad. Ces. Nat. 
Cur. xviii. Suppl. 207. t. 1. 
Cynopsole elongata, Endl. Gen. PI. 74. es 
Var. maxima. B. maxima, Jungh. in Nov. Act. Acad. Cæs. Nat. Cur. xviii. Suppl. 209. t. 1. 
Hab. Montibus Javæ alt. 5-9000 ped. (Blume, Junghuhn, Lobb). Fl. Mart., Maio et August. Montibus 
` Peninsula Indiz orientalis (Wight) et Ceyloniæ? (Gardner, Thwaites). 
I have, under B. dioica, stated what seem to me the only differences between this species 
and B. dioica, and these are rather modified in the Peninsular specimens figured by Dr. 
Wight in a drawing he has had the goodness to give me, and in the Ceylon specimens. 
Junghuhn's B. maxima seems to differ only in size from B. elongata, the difference 
between these two forms being exactly Serge to ta between B. dioica and B. typhina, 
Wall. (picta, Griff.). 
This species produces wax in great abtsideno which i is used for making candles in Java. 
