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XII. Observations on Entozoa, with notices of several new species, including an account 
of two experiments in regard to the breeding of Tænia serrata and T. cucumerina. 
By T. SPENCER CoBBoOLD, M.D., F.L.S. 
Read December 3rd, 1857. 
IN the month of February 1856, I commenced some experiments with the view of con- 
firming the statements of continental helminthologists in regard to the development and 
habits of the cestoid Entozoa. Unforeseen circumstances prevented my carrying out these 
investigations to any great extent; nevertheless, as I have, during my past connexion 
with the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh, collected and examined 
numerous forms of Entozoa, I desire to lay before the Society the result of these casual 
searchings, at the same time offering an apology for the necessarily incomplete and frag- 
mentary character of my remarks. 
-Excluding Man, the number of vertebrate species examined by me, with especial refer- 
ence to the presence or absence of Entozoa, amounts to seventy, in forty-five of which 
worms were detected. This proportion, however, must not be regarded as a fair criterion 
of the frequency with which these higher orders of animals are infested; for although a 
great number of individuals—from twenty to forty—of the common species were examined, 
only one or sometimes two of the species more difficult to procure came under notice. 
In a statistical point of view, certain particulars in regard to the age of the animal, the 
time that had elapsed after death before it was examined, and other conditions materially 
lessening the chances of the detection of Entozoa, would have to be taken into considera- 
tion. The forty-five species found to contain worms may be arranged as follows :— 
Common Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. — Toad, Bufo vulgaris. 
Fifteen-spined Stickleback, G. spinachia. Frog, Rana temporaria. 
Minnow, Leuciscus phoæinus. Lesser Newt, Lissotriton punctatus. 
Rockling, Motella quinquecirrata. Serpent, Bothrops ? 
Viviparous Blenny, Zoarcus viviparus. 
Smooth Blenny, Blennius pholis. 
Lucky Proach, Cottus bubalis. Kite, Falco m 
Haddock, Morrhua eglefinus. Kestrel, F. tinnunculus. 
Coal-fish, Merlangus carbonarius. Peregrine, F. peregrinus. — 
Cod, Morrhua vulgaris. Sparrow-hawk, Accipiter nisus. 
Ling, Lota molva. Honey m ce e 
Holibut, Hippoglossus vulgaris. beas - = 0 ut 
Skate, Raia batis. Reds å 0 — 
Pipe-fish, Syngnathus acus. Curlew, Numenius i 
Grey Gull, Larus glaucus. 
Angler, Lophius piscatorius. 4 i 
: Kittiwake, L. tridactylus. 
. Orthagoriscus mola. Å 
Pun-fah, OM it Guillemot, Uria troile. 
Sturgeon, Acipenser sturio. Y 
VOL, XXII. j 
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