DR. T. S. COBBOLD ON ENTOZOA. 159 © 
order to signify my adhesion to the view of Siebold and others as to their earthy nature. 
Helminthologists express various opinions in regard to their structure and function. All the 
older writers speak of them as **ova ;" whilst other, more recent observers, following Esch- 
richt, ascribe to them a nutritive function. The late Prof. William Smith of Cork apparently 
adhered to this latter view, for in his interesting paper on * Measled Pork," he designates 
these corpuscles “ assimilating cellules*," whilst the distinguished Belgian entozoologist, 
Prof. Van Beneden, attributes to them a still higher organization, calling them cutaneous 
glandst. The ordinary cellules of the parenchyma were found to be comparatively small, 
requiring the aid of a quarter-inch lens for their satisfactory definition. The epidermic cells 
showed in profile very fine markings, indicating a columnar epithelium; and immediately 
beneath the corium there were outlines of anastomosing tubes, which appeared to represent 
a water-vascular system. The armature of the retractile proboscides is rather complicated ; 
each proboscis being made up of numerous segments, and every joint supporting qua- 
druple rows of four hooks, sixteen in all; the superior set being disproportionately large. 
Having thus cursorily alluded to five different forms of Entozoa infesting the Haddock, 
I pass to the consideration of worms found in the Coal-fish, common Cod, and Ling. 
Merlangus carbonarius. Morrhua vulgaris —Numerous examples of Ascaris clavata 
(R.) occupied the intestinal canal of one individual. No other species of Entozoa were 
detected in the limited number of specimens examined. In a Cod examined on the 15th 
of March, 1855, two specimens of Bothriocephalus rugosus had severally attained a length 
of nearly fifteen inches, and their anterior segments, for an inch or more downwards, were 
so firmly impacted within the pancreatic cæca, that it was found impossible to dislodge 
them without injuring the filamentary head and neck. As if to make the anchorage 
doubly secure, the cartilaginoid thickening of the invaded pancreatic caecum had dege- 
nerated into a caleareous and contracted cylinder, twisted upon itself in various ways. 
Lota molva.—On the 31st of March, 1855, two kinds of nematoid worms, differing in 
relative size, were obtained from the intestinal tube. The smaller species, about half 
an inch in length, may be referred to an entozoon described by authors under a variety 
of names. It is the Cucullanus marinus of Zeder and Müller, the C. foveolatus of 
Rudolphi, and the Dachnitis globosa of Dujardin (figs. 20-23). The vaginal orifice of 
the female is situated near the middle of the body, being protected by two prominent folds 
of integument. The spicules of the male, two in number, are sabre-shaped, and there is 
a spacious sucker-like depression in front of the anal opening. The larger round-worms 
* Microscopical Journal, vol. v., description of pl. 2. 
+ Recherches sur les Vers cestoides, p. 23 :—“ ils consistent 
un mucus destiné å lubrifier la surface du corps.” agi des i 
Since the above was written, a paper by M. E. Claparède has appeared in Siebold and supine MN f. 
Wissensch. Zoologie, vol. ix. p. 99, on the subject of the calcareous corpuseles of the Trematoda, in which it 1s shown 
that these bodies are lodged in the dilated extremities of branches of the so-termed » er il wi 
system of vessels. This interesting fact seems to have been demonstrated to the satisfaction of Joh. er, Virchow, 
Lachmann, and others, and to have been previously known to, though not published by, ppn — en. 
respect to it, it may be remarked that so far back as 1830, Laurer pointed out that jo i sig 
system of vessels terminated in minute vesicular dilatations in Amphistomum conicum, ough a s 
could not be detected by Nordmann in Diplostomum volvens. 
dans de courts cæcums légèrement ramifiés, et sécrétent 
