OF THE PITCHERS OF NEPENTHES. 419 
4. In my description of the development of the leaves in full-grown plants of Nepen- 
thes, I have stated that the gland which is developed into a pitcher occupies a position 
towards the apex of the nascent leaf; the examination of the seedling plants would tend 
to show that the position of the gland indicates the organic apex of the future midrib, and 
no doubt it does so (as may be seen in Limnocharis Plumieri). Such glands often occur 
on the margins, midribs, veins or petioles of leaves, and are most frequent at the anasto- 
moses of the veins, as at the base of the lamina (Cucurbitaceæ, Leguminose, &c.), or at the 
serratures where the lateral nerves meet the marginal (Aurantiaceæ, Myrsineæ, &e.), or 
where the lateral veins finally converge at the apex of the midrib (as in Nepenthes, Limno- 
charis, &e.). 
5. The sudden transition from the simple cotyledonary leaves of a seedling Nepenthes, 
to the pitcher-bearing leaves immediately contiguous to them, is extremely remarkable. 
There is, in the species I have examined, no transitionary stage of development whatever. 
This renders the formation of the pitchers of Sarracenia and Cephalotus (which, so far as 
I have observed, never present the appearance of ordinary leaves) less anomalous, than if 
a seedling Nepenthes presented a graduated series of more and more highly organized 
leaves connecting the simple cotyledonary with the fully developed pitcher-bearing ones. 
The resemblance between the pitcher of a seedling Nepenthes and that of Sarracenia 
purpurea is very close, and leaves little doubt in my mind that that organ is strictly 
homologous in the two genera. I have never seen seedlings of Sarracenia, nor of Cepha- 
lotus, but a comparison of young leaves of the latter with those of Nepenthes presents 
several curious similarities. In Cephalotus the ordinary leaves are perfectly simple, and 
similar to the cotyledonary leaves of Nepenthes ; and the pitcher-bearing leaves are at 
once developed as such, having the cavity and ciliated lid in their earliest discernible con- 
dition: though these occur both above and below the ordinary leaves, and in immediate con- 
tiguity with them, there are no intermediate stages whatever, the transition from cauline 
leaf to pitcher being as sudden and abrupt as from cotyledonary leaf to piteher ce 
Nepenthes. The appearance, too, of the young Cephalotus pitcher and stalk is p 
stout petiole, with a hollowed-out terminal head obliquely adnate to its lower surface. Pu 
the analogy with Nepenthes holds good, the stipes of the Cephalotus pitcher represents 
midrib of a leaf on whose sides no lamina is developed. 
Parr IL— Notes on the Bornean Species of Nepenthes, with descriptions of the new | 
The want of any important characters in the flowers and fruit of Nepenthes is : de re- | 
markable feature of these plants. The leaves differ considerably kr ge and ut 
more or less petioled. The pitchers of most, when young, are shorter, rovided 
