* 
250 
*IHWE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Puccinia—continued. - 
4. P. Grossularie is described as having teleuto- 
spores of the ordinary “type, and also as possessing 
an æcidium, known as Æ. Grogsularie. The latter is 
very plentiful in some years, on discoloured spots on 
‘leaves and fruits of the Gooseberry, throughout Britain ; 
but the Puccinia has not as yet been recorded as 
British. The relation of the two forms to one another 
cannot be yet assumed as fully proved. The ecidium 
does not, in general, do much harm to the leaves and 
branches; but, when it grows on the fruits, it renders 
them useless, and thus, in some years, destroys a con- 
siderable part of the crop. It causes the formation of 
thickened, orange-red patches in the parts affected; in 
these the cups occur. The patches are usually about 
din. across. The teleutospores are elliptic or clavate, 
chestnut-brown, and covered with broad, low warts. 
5. P. mixta has done very serious harm to Chives 
(Allium Schenoprasum), and other species of Allium, 
including all, or nearly all, the cultivated forms of 
Onions. It has been observed as hurtful at Shrewsbury, 
and near Aberdeen. This species of Puccinia has spores 
of three forms present at one time, viz., a uredospore, 
formerly called U. Alliorwm, and two forms of teleuto- 
spores—viz., one a Puccinia (two-celled), of oblong form ; 
and the other one-celled, formerly known as Uromyces 
Alliorum. Both the latter forms are attached to long 
stalks, and both are smooth and brown. 
6. P. Menthe grows abundantly on the wild species of 
Mentha, and also on the garden Mints, and on various 
allied Labiate. This Fungus possesses all the three 
forms of spores. The ecidium often grows on the young 
shoots, and causes marked deformities and stoppage of 
growth in them; generally, it gives rise to long, dark 
red or purple patches on which the paler cups are 
scattered. The uredospores and the teleutospores form 
small masses, either irregularly scattered or in concentric 
arrangement. The former spores are pale brown, warty, 
and rounded; the latter are deep brown, and broadly 
elliptical with rounded ends. 
7. P. Gentiane, in 1885, proved very hurtful to Gen- 
tiana acaulis, in 
spores as in P. Menthe. They resemble the spores of 
the latter species in form, but are smooth. The 
æcidium has not been observed in England. 
The hetercecious species of Puccinia are of little im- 
portance to gardeners, since they do no harm to garden 
produce in the strict sense. To the systematic student 
of this group they are of the greatest interest, because of 
the many problems connected with their mode of life, 
and the careful and continued experiments required to 
permit of referring the various forms to their proper 
cycles. Much still remains to be done in this group. 
Several of them are found on grasses in their uredospore 
and teleutospore stages, but are believed to form their 
æcidia on other plants, usually on Dicotyledons. Others 
occur in the two former stages on Sedges (Carew), and 
in the latter on Dicotyledons. P. graminis, to which 
reference has already been made, is a well-known “rust” 
of cereals and of other grasses; its uredospores, formerly 
called Uredo linearis, being one of the “red rusts,” 
and its telentospores one of the “black rusts.” Its 
_ gecidiospores are believed to be Æcidium Berberidis, fre- 
_ quently so common, in the form of orange-red patches, 
on the leaves of Barberries and of Berberis Aquifolium, 
in shrubberies and by roadsides. None of the other 
hetercecious species grow on garden plants, but mention 
is here made of one or two of the cycles that are now 
admitted, by those who accept hetercecism, as proved to 
occur among Uredinee. 
= P. rubigo-vera. The uredospores (Uredo rubigo-vera) 
and teleutospores (P. straminis) form “ rusts” on grasses ; 
the xcidiospores (Æ. asperifolii, Æ. lycopsodis) live on 
many species of Boraginee. 
Kew Gardens, forming spots of teleuto- 
Puccinia—continued. 
P. coronata. The uredospores and teleutospores occur 
on grasses, the ecidiospores (Æ. Rhamni) on species of 
Rhamnus. 
P. poarwm. The uredospores and teleutospores occur on 
Poa annua, P. nemoralis, and P. pratensis; the æcidio- 
spores (Æ. Tussilaginis) on Coltsfoot (Tussilago Farfara). 
P. Caricis. The uredospores (U. Caricis) and teleuto- 
spores (P. striola) occur on species of Carex; the æcidio- 
spors Æ. Urticæ) on Nettles. 
P.-silvatica. The uredospores and teleutospores live 
on certain species of Carex, the 'æcidiospores on Dande- 
lion (Taraxacum officinalis). 
PUCHA-PAT. A common Indian name for Pogo- 
stemon Patchouli. ; 
PUDDING BERRIES. The edible fruits of Cornus 
canadensis. A 
PUERARIA (named in honour of M. M. N. Puerari, 
a botanical professor at Copenhagen). Syn. Neustanthus. 
ORD. Leguminose. A genus consisting of ten species 
of greenhouse, climbing herbs or sub-shrubs, natives of 
tropical Asia and Japan. Flowers blue or purplish, dis- 
posed on elongated, axillary peduncles, or sub-paniculate 
and fasciculately racemose at the apices of the branches; 
standard obovate or sub-orbiculate, the auricles inflexed, 
appendiculate ; bracts small or narrow, very caducous. 
Pods elongated, two-valved. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; 
leaflets ample, ovate or rhomboid, entire or sinuately tri- 
lobed, stipellate. The only three species introduced are 
those described below. For culture, see Clitoria. 
P, Thunbergiana (Thunberg’s). fl., standard eight to nine 
lines long, equalling the keel; peduncles elongated, floriferous 
above the middle. Summer. 4, leaflets broadly rhomboid, or 
the lateral ones broadly and obliquely ovate, acuminate, entire or 
broadly sinuate-trilobed, often 4in. to 5in. in diameter. Khasia. 
A tall, greenhouse twiner. A fibre (used for textile purposes) is 
obtained from the stems, and a starch (largely used as an article 
of food by the Chinese and Japanese) from the roots, of this 
species. 
P. tuberosa (tuberous). /l. bluish, borne on rather rigid peduncles 
in the upper nodes ; pedicels very short; standard almost 4in. 
long, laterally reflexed. June. Pods 2in. to 3in. long. l., leaflets 
6in. to 12in. long, rhomboid or oblique, ovate; stipules ovate, sub- — 
— h. Sit. India, 1806. Shrubby. Syn. Hedysarum 
uberosum. 
P. Wallichii (Wallich’s). A. reddish, borne on elongated, slender 
peduncles ; pedicels slender ; standard ŝin. long, the base ending in 
a short, narrow claw. June. Pods Sin. to Sin. long. l, leaflets 
— acuminate, entire; stipules lanceolate, very caducous. 
h. 3ft. India, &c., 1826. Shrubby. 
PUFP-BALLS. See Lycoperdon. 
PUGIONELLA. A synonym of Strumaria (which 
see). 
PUGIONIFORM. Dagger-shaped. 
PULEGIUM. A synonym of Mentha (which see). 
PULLUS. Dusky-brown or blackish-coloured. 
FIG. 322. PULMONARIA MOLLIS, showing Habit and Portion of 
_ detached Inflorescence. 
