AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. so 
Saururus—continued. 
lanceolate; filaments long and capillary. June to August. Z 
cordate, acuminate, converging-ribbed, without disti i y 
Stem lft. to 2ft. high. Nerth. America, 1759. ——— 
S. chinensis (Chinese). A synonym of S. Loureiri. 
S. Loureiri (Loureiro’s). This is closely allied to S. 
may be distinguished by the following characters : duced ray 
the leaves ; stem very angular. Eastern 
SYN. S. chinensis. 
short ; spike equallin 
Asia, 1819. (R. G. 756.) 
FIG. 421. FLOWERING BRANCH OF SAUVAGESIA ERECTA. - 
SAUSSUREA (named after the Swiss philosopher 
Horace Benedict de Saussure, 1740-1799, who pos- 
sessed a considerable knowledge of botany). Sawwort. 
Syns. Bennetia, Heterotrichum (of Bieberstein). Includ- 
ing Aplotawis and Frolovia. Orp. Composite. A genus 
comprising about sixty species of hardy, glabrous or 
white-tomentose, perennial herbs, mostly found on moun- 
tains in Europe, Asia, and North America. Flower-heads 
purplish or bluish, sometimes narrow and corymbose, 
sometimes broader and pedunculate, solitary or loosely 
paniculate; involucre ovoid, oblong or globose, with many 
series of closely imbricated bracts, the outer ones elon- 
gated; receptacle flat or convex, densely bristly-paleaceous 
or rarely naked; rays sometimes deeply five-fid; achenes 
glabrous; pappus bristles in one or two series. Leaves 
alternate, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, the teeth or 
lobes unarmed. The species are not very ornamental. 
A selection of those introduced is given below. They 
thrive in ordinary garden soil, and may be increased by 
seeds. ; 
S. albescens (whitish). fl.-heæds purple; involucre oblong, 
slightly hoary, the scales very acuminate ; corymbs compound, 
many-headed. July. l white-tomentose beneath ; cauline ones 
sessile, oval, obtuse, sub-entire. A. 2ft. Nepaul, 1837. SYN. 
Aplotaxis albescens. 
S. alpina (alpine). fl.-heads purple, 2in. to šin. in diameter; 
involucre —— with obtuse, woolly bracts; corymbs dense. 
August. Z. oblong-lanceolate, toothed, cottony beneath; lower 
ones petioled, 4in. to Tin. long, acuminate ; upper ones smaller, 
sessile. _ Stem simple, 6in. to 8in. high, stout, erect, leafy. 
Europe (Britain), &c. (Sy. En. B. 703.) 
S, i, a —— .-heads pink, corymbose ; involucre sub- 
eylindri ——— the dater scales ovate, the inner ones 
oblong. July. l. — scabrous above, cobwebby-tomentose 
beneath ; lower ones lyrately pinnatifid or toothed ; upper ones 
— nearly entire, acuminate at both ends. A. 2ft. Caucasus, 
S. pulchella (pretty).* _jl-heads purple, globose, corymbose ; 
outer amarasi y tomentose, inner ones colo 
l. slightly scabrous, pinnatifid ; segm 
toothed; cauline ves sub-decurrent, the upperm 
- undivided. h. 2ft. Siberia, &c., 1835. (B. R. xxviii. 18; B. M. 
2589, under name of Serratula pulchella.) 
Vol. IIL. 
Saussurea—continued. ; — 
S. pygmza (dwarf). A. hedds purple; involucral scales slightly 
hairy, all acuminated. July. 7. mostly clustered, sessile, linear, 
sub-entire, with revolute margins, slightly hairy beneath. Stems 
„dwarf, sparsely leafy, one-headed. h. Ht mian Europe, 
1816. (J. F. A. 440, under name of Serratula pygmæa.) 
SAUSSUREA (of Salisbury). A synonym of Funkia. 
SAUSSURIA (of Mench). A synonym of Nepeta 
(which see). j 
SAUVAGESIA (named after Francis Bossier de 
Sauvages, 1706-1767, Professor of Botany at Montpelier, 
and a friend and correspondent of Linnæus) ORD. 
Violariee. A genus containing about ten species of 
stove, highly glabrous herbs or sub-shrubs, all tropical 
American. Flowers white, pink, or violet, axillary or 
disposed in terminal racemes; sepals sub-equal; petals 
equal, convolute. Leaves alternate, rather rigid, entire 
or serrulated, stipules pectinate-ciliated. The species 
introduced is a charming little annual. Seeds should 
be thinly sown, during March, in pots of loam and 
peat, and the young plants treated as other stove 
annuals. 
S. erecta (erect). Iron Shrub; St. Martin’s Herb. jf. pink or 
purple-red ; sej aristate-acuminate ; petals obovate, apicu- 
late. May to October. J. lanceolate, serrated. Stem branched, 
rocumbent or erect. A. 6in. Mexico, 1824. See Fig. 421. SYN. 
- geminiflora. 
S. geminiflora (twin-flowered). A synonym of S. erecta. 
SAUVAGESIEH:. A tribe of Violariee. 
SAVANNAH FLOWER. A name applied to 
Echites suberecta, and other species. 
SAVASTANA. A synonym of Hierochloe (which 
see). 
SAVIN-TREE. See Juniperus Sabina. 
SAVORY, SUMMER (Satureia hortensis). A hardy 
annual, native of Southern Europe, cultivated for its 
aromatic tops, which are used, in culinary preparations, 
for flavouring and seasoning. It is raised from seeds, _ 
which should be sown early in April, in shallow drills, 
about 1ft. apart. Select a sunny situation, and thin out ~ 
the seedlings, when large enough, to 6in. asunder in the 
rows. When the plants are in flower, they may be 
pulled up, tied in bundles, and dried for winter use. 
SAVORY, WINTER (Satureia montana). A dwarf, 
hardy, evergreen under-shrub, also a native of Southern 
Europe, and grown for the same purposes as Summer 
Savory. It may be raised from seeds, sown at a similar 
period, and in the same way; also from cuttings and 
divisions, Cuttings formed of young side shoots, with a 
heel attached, may be readily rooted under a hand glass, or 
in a shady border outside. Divisions should be made in 
March or April, and plants obtained in this way, or from 
cuttings, should be permanently inserted in rows, at dis- 
tances of about Ift. apart, during a showery period, at 
the latter part of summer. 3 
` SAVOURY AKEE-TREE. See Cupania sapida. 
SAVOY CABBAGE. See Brassica oleracea 
bullata major and Cabbage. 
SAWDUST. This is occasionally used as a manure ; 
but it decays so slowly that it is little esteemed for this 
purpose. Applied in considerable quantity, it has been 
found to produce little effect the first year; but each 
succeeding year the crop was increased, till it reached 
its maximum -in the fourth year. Sawdust should be 
made up into a compost with farmyard manure, earth, 
and other materials; and the value of the compost is 
much increased by saturation with liquid manures, gas- 
liquor, or other fluids containing ammonia. The manurial 
value of Sawdust is considerably greater when it is well — 
decayed than while it is fresh; but the material can be 
recommended as manure only when there are accumu- 
lations of it to be disposed of. 3 s ate 
B 
