IN THE CLUSIACEÆ, MAGNOLIACEÆ, ETC. 95 
EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES. 
Tas. XIX, 
Fig. 56. Represents an anatropal ovule of Magnolia, after Dr. Asa Gray, seen on its ventral face, 
Fig. 57. The same viewed sideways. 
Fig. 58. À vertical section of the same. In all these the letter a shows the placentary sheath, enclosing 
b. the spiral vessels of the raphe; c. is the primine; d.the secundine; e. the tercine or nucleus ; 
J. the gangylode; g. the hilum. 
Fig. 59. Is a longitudinal section of the ripe seed of Magnolia. 
Fig. 60. Is the crustaceous testa, cleared of its fleshy covering, viewed sideways. 
Fig. 61. The same seen on its ventral face, showing the groove formed by the pressure of the raphe. 
Fig. 62. The inner integument, covering the albumen. In all, the same letters refer to a. the scarlet 
arilliform outer coating, being an expansion of the placentary sheath seen in figs. 56, 57 & 58, 
which has grown over and covered the primine, and now completely envelopes the testa; 
b. the raphe; c. the testa or development of the primine; d. the tegmen, or inner integument, 
resulting from the secundine; e. the albumen; f. the diapyle or scar of the gangylode, through 
which the raphe passes to reach the chalaza; y.the hilum; A. the funicular cord; i. the 
chalaza upon the extremity of the inner integument, where the raphe is lost; k. the embryo 
imbedded in albumen :—all much magnified. 
Fig. 63. Is a seed of Licania removed from its pericarpial covering :—nat. size. a. the tunic formed of 
three adherent membranes: the outermost is the arilline, the intermediate one is the testa, the 
innermost is the tegmen; 5. is the hilum; c. the vessels of the raphe, interposed between the 
arilline and testa, and dividing into continual ramifications, which spread over the whole area of 
the seed: they all branch from the hilum, which is situated at the extremity contrary to that 
of the chalaza, or point corresponding to the original base of the ovule, showing that these 
vessels must be exterior to the real testa, and enclosed within another distinct integument ; for 
if they were included within the substance of the testa, they would branch from the contrary 
extremity at the point corresponding with the original base of the ovule, the only point in 
which these vessels could have penetrated the primine, and therefore the testa. 
Fig. 64. Is the exalbuminous embryo, also nat. size; d. the cotyledons ; e. the radicle, placed near the 
hilum. 
