PHARMACOPCIAL VEGETABLE DRUGS. 
later by him to the Calcutta bontanical gardens. De Condolle in 1818 
named the plant Cocculus palmatus. However, the female plant was 
still unknown, 
In 1825 Captain W. F. Owen brought a male and a female plant 
from Oibo, in East Africa, to Mauritius, where it was cultivated and 
observed by Bojer. From this source, at last, Sir W. J. Hooker (324) 
in 1830 was enabled to describe the whole plant, both male and female, 
under the name of Cocculus palmatus, Hooker. 
The name of the genus jateorhiza was finally created in 1849 by 
Miers. (Hooker, Niger Flora, p. 212.) Chasmanthera columba is an- 
other synonym for this plant proposed by Baillon (33). (Nat. Hist. 
of Plants, Vol. III., London, 1874.) 
CAMBOGIA 
Cambogia (Garcinia hanburii) is a production of a Siamese tree 
from Camboja, from whence it derived its name. Chinese travelers 
over a thousand years ago mentioned it, describing the method of ob- 
taining it by an incision in the stem of the tree, whilst the Chinese 
herbal “Pun tsao” includes it in its pages, the drug being regarded 
by the Chinese as poisonous, its use being chiefly as a pigment. Clusius 
(153) described (1605) a specimen of gamboge brought from China 
in 1603, after which it drifted into European medicine as a purgative. 
It was one of the articles of commerce of the East India Company, 
and was recognized pharmaceutically in the shops of the city of Frank- 
fort as early as 1612. The date of the introduction of gamboge into 
Chinese art and medicine is beyond the records of established history. 
CAMPHORA 
Camphor (from Cinnamomum camphora) has been made in 
China since the earliest record. Marco Polo (518), who visited that 
country in the thirteenth century, saw many of the trees producing it. 
It was known to the Chinese writers of the sixth century, as well 
as were its qualities as a valuable timber. The earliest mention of 
camphor occurs in one of the most ancient poems of the Arabic lan- 
guage, by Imru-l-Kais, who lived in the beginning of the sixth century. 
Camphor was once considered as a rare and precious perfume, being 
mentioned in connection with musk, ambergris, and sandalwood as 
treasures of the Sassanian dynasty of the kings of Persia. Notwith- 
standing all this camphor did not, so far as has been determined, reach 
Europe during the classical days of Greece and Rome. Possibly the 
first mention of camphor as a European medicine was by the Abbatissa 
Hildegarde (316), in the twelfth century. Since its introduction, it has 
ways been an article in domestic medication and as a perfume con- 
stituent. 
CANNABIS INDICA 
_This drug (Cannabis sativa) is one of the Oriental products, the 
beginning of whose use is lost in antiquity. Its name threads the litera- 
ture of Arabia and India, hashish (or bhang) being continually men- 
