PHARMACOPGIAL VEGETABLE DRUGS. 
(1) C. acutus, Thunberg, 1784. 
(2) C. jamalgota, Hamilton, 1825. 
(3) C. pavana, Hamilton, 1825. 
(4) Kurkas tiglium, Rafinesque (Sylva Tellur.), 1838. 
(5) Halecus verus, Raf., 1838. 
(6) Tiglium officinale, Klotzsch, 1843. 
(7) Croton muricatus, Blanco, 1845. 
(8) Anisophyllum acutifolium, Bouv., 1860-61. 
CUBEBA 
Cubebs (Piper cubeba) is the berry of a shrub indigenous to Java, 
Southern Borneo, and Sumatra. Masudi (413) in the tenth century 
refers to cubebs as a product of Java. Edrisi (221), 1153, mentions 
the berries as among the imports of Aden. That they were known in 
Europe as early as the eleventh century is evident from the writings 
of Constantius Africanus (165), of Salerno, while Abbatissa Hilde- 
garde (316) of Germany mentions them in the thirteenth century, at 
which time they had become an article of European trade. They were 
sold in England in 1284, and at that time, or thereabout, were known 
to European countries generally. The price in 1596 was equal to that 
of opium or of amber. Cubeb berries were introduced into medicine 
by the Arabs of the Middle Ages. 
CUSSO 
The cousso tree (Hagenia abyssinica) is native to Abyssinia, 
where it is generally planted about the villages on the high tablelands, 
from 3,000 to 8,000 feet above the sea level. Bruce (105) observed its 
uses, 1768-1773, during his expedition to discover the sources of the 
Nile, and Willdenow (385), 1799, described it under the name Hagenia. 
Its use as a vermifuge was derived from Abyssinian domestic practice, 
the decoction being used for this purpose. In early European record 
an extraordinarily high price was asked for this substance. It was in- 
troduced in 1850 by a Frenchman, who demanded in the neighborhood 
of $9 per ounce. ‘This led to its importation in quantities, when the 
value soon fell to a normal standard. 
CYPRIPEDIUM 
Lady’s slipper (Cypripedium pubescens) is found in several va- 
rieties throughout the United States, where it is indigenous to rich 
woods and meadows. It has been valued as a domestic remedy and 
was once a home favorite in the form of a decoction for nervous con- 
ditions of women and children. It was thus utilized by the early settlers 
as a substitute for valerian, which fact gave it the name American 
valerian. Creeping thus into domestic therapeutic use, it naturally re- 
ceived the care and attention of the “Indian doctors,” and came grad- 
ually to the attention of the medical profession. To give the references 
necessary to its American record would cite all the domestic writers 
on American medicine of the nineteenth century as well as such author- 
ities as King, Wood & Bache, etc. ss 
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