PHARMACOPGIAL VEGETABLE DRUGS. 
a place in all the early domestic works on medicine, and seems to be 
alike credited to the American Indians and the early settlers. In Eclec- 
tic medication wahoo has been a favorite since the days of Dr. Beach. 
Under the names “nine barks” or “seven barks” it has a domestic rec- 
ord transplanted to proprietary remedies that use these titles. The 
Eclectic “concentration” euonymin has been conspicuous in England, 
but has since fallen into disuse. (See Bulletin of the Lloyd Library, 
No. XII, The Eclectic Resins, Resinoids, Oleo-Resins, and Concen 
trated Principles.) 
EUPATORIUM 
Eupatorium perfoliatum, boneset, or thoroughwort, is indigenous 
to the temperate regions of the Eastern United States, and in the form 
of an infusion or tea was very popular with the settlers; being found 
in every well-regulated household. As a bitter tonic its uses became 
known to the early members of the American medical profession, and 
was handed therefrom to physicians of the present day. Its American 
history is probably paralleled by the record of this herb in other 
countries. 
FICUS 
The fig tree (Ficus carica) is native to Asia Minor and Syria, ex- 
tending into Africa and Oriental countries, the Mediterranean islands, 
and elsewhere. It is now cultivated in the temperate countries of the 
entire world. The fig tree and its leaves are repeatedly mentioned in 
the Scriptures, where they are symbolical of peace and plenty. Charle- 
magne, in 812, ordered its cultivation in Central Europe, and in the 
reign of Henry VIII fig trees still standing in the garden of Lambeth 
Palace were brought to England, though the fig was unquestionably 
cultivated in England before that date. The fig has been used from 
all times as a food and as a confection, and it is repeatedly mentioned 
in the Arabian Nights. Its tri-lobed leaf is synonymous with primitive 
religions and has occupied a more or less conspicuous place in symbolic 
worships from the earliest date. 
FOENICULUM 
Fennel (Feeniculum vulgare) is indigenous from the Caspian Sea 
to the Greek peninsula and other Mediterranean countries, growing 
wild over a large part of Southern Europe, especially in the vicinity 
of the sea. It is also cultivated in favorable localities, as in Saxony, 
France, and Italy. Charlemagne encouraged its cultivation. Its em- 
ployment in Northern Europe has been from all time, as is indicated 
by the fact that Anglo-Saxon domestic medical recipes dating from 
at least the eleventh century give it a place. The use of the seeds in 
domestic medication in the form of infusion as well as its employment 
in bread-making is too well established to need more than a mention. 
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