10 CINCHONA BARKS. 
fertilization of other heterostylous plants is usually effected by 
insects, this appears not to be applicable to the Cinchonas, but is 
accomplished rather through the agency of the wind. 
The flowers are arranged in the form of abundant terminal 
panicles or cymes (Plate VI). The valves of the ovate or some- 
what lengthened, but usually not particularly slender capsules, 
dehisce from the base in consequence of the splitting of the 
partition ; but the two halves of the capsule remain connected at 
the apex by the five-toothed, permanent calyx, without, however, 
thus preventing the detachment of the funiculi (Plate I, III, IV). 
The most closely related members of the Eucinchonee differ in 
the following respects from the genus Cinchona :;— 
The species of Cascaril/a, including Buena and Cosmibuena, 
have larger, firm, often even leathery corolla lobes, which are not 
fringed, but beset with coarse, club-shaped hairs. The capsules 
dehisce first from the apex (Plate V, left), 
The genus ‘emia (Plate V1), otherwise differing but slightly 
from Cinchona, is distinguished by the long-stalked, interrupted 
racemes, cymes or panicles, situated in the axils of the leaves. 
The edge of the calyx is furthermore extended, often cup-shaped, 
the capsules cylindrically compressed, ovate or nearly spherical, 
and, as a rule, dehiscing first from the apex. The Remijia species 
have on the contrary, in common with the Cinchonas, the slightly 
attractive, red or white flowers, and even the pleasant odor of 
the latter. The Remijia does not represent large trees; the 
leaves of the smaller forms are occasionally arranged in whorls of 
three. 
In the Pimentelia the inflorescence forms compact panicles 
projecting from the axils of the leaves.3 Ladenbergia and Macroc- 
nemum are separated in the most striking manner from Cinchona 
by their entire appearance.‘ 
To what extent the barks of these plants show corresponding 
distinctions in regard to their anatomical structure, has been 
but slightly investigated. The Condaminea, mentioned on page 
1 Bentham et Hooker. Genera Plantarum I (1873-1876), 33. Baillon. Aistoire des 
Plantes, V1 (1880), 479. 
* The following drawings of Karsten’s in the Flore Columbie specim. select, give a good 
representation of Cascarilla: C. barbacoénsis, tab. xxiii; C. Henleana, tab. Ziv: C. 
heterocarpa, tab. vi; C. macrocarpa, tab. xxi. 
* Weddell, in Hist. nat. des Quinguinas, tab. 27, B., gives a figure of the Pimentelia 
glomerata. 
_* Compare, for example, Karsten’s figure of Joosia (Ladenbergia) umbellifera, in 
Flor. Columb. specim. sel., Tab. V, and Lasionema (Macrocnemum) cinchonoides, in 
Weddell’s Plate 27 B. 
