16 CINCHONA BARKS. 
colorless juice which exudes upon wounding the bark of this tree 
becomes, by exposure to the air, first milky, and then immediately 
red, in consequence of the active absorption of oxygen by the 
cincho-tannic acid. 
Other figures of C. succirubra are contained in Howard’s Nueva 
Quinologia, tab. 8; Bentley and Trimen’s Medicinal Plants, 142; 
and Baillon doc. czt. 342 (uncolored). . 
(2) Crncnona Catisaya Weddell, Plates II and III. Occurs in 
part as a high tree, and in part shrub-like, as the variety g. Jose- 
phiana. It is distinguished by the ovate capsule, which attains 
scarcely the length of the flower. Weddell discovered this species 
in the year 1847, near Apolobamba in Bolivia, northeast of lake 
Titicaca ; it extends beyond the Peruvian boundary, and is dis- 
tributed through the Province of Carabaya (in the department of 
Puno), but not further northward. The Calisaya is also on Bolivian 
territory confined to the hot, wooded, elevated valleys (Y% ungas in 
the language of Aymara) of La Paz, to the seventeenth degree of 
southern latitude, between 1500 and 1800 meters (4875 and 5850 
feet) above the level of the sea. In the grass regions, about 300 
meters (975 feet) higher, it remains shrub-like, and only a few 
meters in height. . 
The native designation of Calisaya is deducted by Weddell from 
collt, signifying red in the Quichua language, and saya, imitated or 
shaped, with reference to the bark or perhaps to the leaf. Péppig* 
explains it as cad/a, signifying a remedy, and sa//a, a rocky founda- 
tion. Markham interprets it as a small chief’s family, Calisaya, 
which, about the year 1780, is said to have played a part in the 
Province of Carabaya. 
Other figures of the plant are contained in: Weddell, tab. 3; 
Berg and Schmidt, Offizin. Gewdchse, XIV; Bentley and Trimen, 
141; Baillon, /oc. ct. 338 (uncolored); and Howard, East Indian 
Plantations, Vl to X. 
As C. boliviana, Weddell has described and figured a variety of 
Calisaya which is more confined to Bolivia, and which is principally 
distinguished by the almost invariable purple color of the lower side 
of the leaves. It appears that the characters scarcely suffice to 
retain the plant as a variety, and certainly not to elevate it to a 
particular species. 
The English merchant, Charles Ledger, who, since the year 1845, 
s resided at Puno, the chief city of the Peruvian department of 
Caravaya, westward from lake Titicaca, and, among other things, 
also engaged in the export of cinchona barks, was directed by the 
_} Travels in Peru, Chili, and on the Amazon River, Il (1836), 218. 
