THE MOST IMPORTANT CINCHONAS. 17 
natives, in his repeated endeavors to discover the best bark, to the 
“Rojo,”* as the choicest sort. In the year 1851 Ledger met with 
the respective cinchona trees on the Mamoré, a tributary of the 
Madeira on the left, which has its origin in the northeast chain of 
the Bolivian cordilleras, in the Province of Caupolican. It was, 
however, first in the year 1865 that Ledger’s servant, Manuel Incra 
Mamani, succeeded in collecting seeds of this cinchona in the same 
province, 120 leguas (about 780 kilometers or 480 miles) from 
Pelechuco, in about the fifteenth degree of southern latitude and 68 
degrees west of Greenwich, and to deliver the same to his master. 
The servant, who was imprisoned in consequence by the Corregidor 
of Coroico, died shortly afterward, from the result of the mistreat- 
ment which he was forced to suffer. The seeds, which Ledger offered 
for sale in London without success, were bought by the Dutch 
Government for Java, and then furnished plants whose large per- 
centage of alkaloid was in the year 1874 definitely determined.’ 
Howard has described this cinchona as a variety of the Calisaya, 
and figured the same very handsomely in the “Quinology of the 
East India Plantations,” Part III, Plates IV, V and VI.3 The ex- 
ternal peculiarities of the Cinchona Calisaya Var. Ledgeriana 
(compare our plates II and III) are unimportant, and consist chiefly 
in the small size of the usually pure white, very fragrant flowers, 
which remind of those of Cinchona micrantha Ruiz et Pavon.s The 
tube of the corolla is not contracted as in many other cinchonas; 
the inflorescence is very compactly crowded, often nodding. The 
capsules of Calisaya Ledgeriana are furthermore not tomentose. - 
Calisaya Ledgeriana, according to Kuntze’s comprehension, 
which is disputed by Howard, is a form of his Cinchona Pavoniani- 
Weddelliana. Experience must first demonstrate whether by 
cultivation this cinchona, which at the present time is indeed the 
most valuable of all, can be retained in such a degree of excellence. 
1 Rojo signifies in Spanish, red or reddish-yellow. 
? Howard, East Indian Plantations, \1, 46; Pharm. Fourn. X (1880), 730. 
* The diagnosis delineated by Weddell in Howard's ‘‘ Quinology of the East Indian 
Plantations,” fol. 85, is, in concurrence with the latter, as follows: ‘ Cinchona Calisaya, 
var. Ledgeriana How. Foliis elliptico-oblongis vel fere oblongis obtusis obtusissimisve, 
haud raro ante apicem nonnihil angustis s. constrictis membranaceis, utriusque viridibus 
vel subtus pallide purpurascentibus nervis simul rubico, axillis vulgo sat distinctis 
scrobiculatis; panicula florifera ovata, corollis albis, antheris subexsertis (saltem in 
spec. obviis), panicula fructifera subcorymbosa, densa, capsulis ellipticis (9 ad 12 milli- 
metr. longis), puberulis. From this, indeed, no striking characteristic can be observed. 
Bernelot Moens as well as Trimen consider Ledger’s plant as a peculiar species: 
Cinchona Ledgeriana Moens; see Journal of Botany, London, 1881, p. 321, with 
figure. In Darjeeling the best ‘‘Calisayas"’ are stated by King, Report of May 28, 
1881, to be nothing else than C. Ledgeriana. | 
* Figured in Howard's Nueva Quinologia, 5; Weddell, 14. 
