18 CINCHONA BARKS. 
It would be extremely remarkable to see the permanency in rich- 
ness of alkaloid attained here by cultivation, which otherwise does 
not occur, 
(3) CincHona Lancirou1a Mutis, Tuna or Tunita of _ the 
Bogotians, Plate IV. More than 25 meters (80 feet) in height, 
leaves sharply lanceolate, leathery, mostly 12 centimeters (nearly 
5 inches), on the luxuriant sprigs as much as 36 centimeters 
(about 14 inches) in length, although very variable. 
This species, which has been known since 1776, is confined to 
Columbia (New Granada), and grows admirably in the south, from 
Bogota to Popayan, at an elevation of from 2500 to 3000 meters 
(8125 to 9750 feet) above the level of the sea, but also northwards 
in the mountains of the Magdalena near Chiquinquira, Velez, 
Socorro, and from Pamplona to Ocanna, and, according to Howard, 
also in Uchubamba, not far from Loxa. 
It is very handsomely represented in Karsten’s Flor. Columb., 
tab. xi; Var. discolor. tab. xii. 
(4) Cincuona Orricrna.is, the earliest named species. 
In the year 1742 Linnzus established the genus Cinchona in 
accordance with the notes published by Ch. M. De La Condamine, 
and in 1753 named the tree discovered by the latter Cinchona of- 
ficinalis, but in 1766 he gave a different diagnosis, which was based 
upon the communications received by him from Mutis in the year 
1764. These related, however, according to Triana (fol. 10 of 
the work mentioned in section XVIII), to the C. cordifolia of the 
present day. It follows therefrom that the designation Cinchona 
officinalis, as established by Linnzeus, is capable of a double inter- 
pretation. In his writings from 1742 to 1766 it related to the spe- 
cies which Hooker in 1863 again named Cinchona officinalis, but 
in 1766 Linnzus included in the diagnosis the present C. cordifolia 
(not C. pubescens as has been generally believed), Furthermore 
Triana, as well as his predecessors, did not find in the herbarium of 
Linnzus in London specimens of a “ Cinchona officinalis,” but on 
the contrary, only fragments of C. cordifolia, Cascarilla nitida and 
Exostemma coriaceum, which were designated as Cinchona peru- 
viana. With propriety, therefore, C. officinalis passed into oblivion ; 
and it was first in the year 1863 that Sir Joseph Hooker was in- 
duced to establish a new diagnosis of Cinchona officinalis, and to 
complete the same by a good figure. 
Cinchona officinalis Hooker, Plate V, is therefore to be re- 
garded as a new species, which is indigenous to Ecuador and Peru. 
It does not possess any very striking characteristics; the flowers are 
small, of a beautiful carmine-red, and downy, and the oblong cap- 
