29 CINCHONA BARKS. 
However much the latter are confined ina vertical direction, yet 
they accompany the chief South American mountain range through 
the greater portion of the northern half, for a distance of about 
30 degrees of latitude. 
The most northerly locality of the Cinchonas, which is approxi- 
mately below the tenth degree of latitude, is designated by the 
occurrence of C. cordifolia in the district S.S.W. from Caracas, 
with which species C. tucujensis Karsten is also here associated. 
Weddell, who penetrated the cinchona zone from the southeast, 
met at about the nineteenth degree of southern latitude, far in the 
interior of Bolivia, with the most southerly species, which he ac- 
cordingly designated as C. australis. The country west of Chu- 
quisaca (Sucre), the chief city of Bolivia, would form, according to 
Weddell, the southern boundary of the Cinchonas. It appears, 
however, that this must be still further extended, and about to the 
twenty-second degree of southern latitude, for Scherzer’ relates of 
a clergyman in Tarija (on the Argentine boundary, in the south of 
Bolivia), who is said to have offered for sale 3000 hundred weight 
of excellent bark, sucupira of the Indians, which was procured 
from the forests between Tarija and Cochabamba, thus from the 
water-shed between the Marannon and the La Plata. 
Between these extreme points in the south, and the mountains 
of Caracas, not far from the Caribbean sea in the north, the belt of 
the Cinchonas, following the crests of the mighty mountain chain, 
describes a crescent, opened toward the east,of about 500 geograph- 
ical miles in length. : 
The conditions under which the Cinchonas live may be deducted 
already in part from the above intimations with regard to the occur- 
rence of the most important species, and, in indited form, haye been 
elaborately elucidated by Martius,’ and still more accurately, on the 
spot itself, by those English travelers who have distinguished them- 
selves by the removal of the cinchona trees to India and the Colo- 
nies. Only the variable, sunny climate of the tropical mountain 
regions, which is interrupted by frequent showers, storms, thick fog 
and mist, with very changeable but not widely digressing ranges 
of temperature, is adapted to the Cinchonas. A transient depres- 
sion of temperature to the freezing point, and not unfrequent 
showers of hail, may indeed be borne by strong plants; yet the 
mean temperature most favorable to them should be estimated at 
not less than from 12 to 20° C. (54 to 68° F.). According to the 
1 Voyage of the Austrian frigate Novara, 11 (1859), 366. 
_? Buchner’s Repertorium fiir Pharmacie, X11 (1863), 362, 373. 
* Complete reports in the Blue Books cited under section 18. 
