COLLECTION OF THE BARKS. 29 
of the cinchona plantations has revealed itself there, in the form of 
the small hemiptera, //elopelits Antonii Sigm., or the so-called “tea- 
bug” of the English planters. The female of this insect, which also 
produces damage in the tea plantations, deposits its eggs, from 8 
to 14 in number, in the tops of the cinchona branches and in the 
leaf-stalks, and causes thereby the disease of the trees known by 
the name of &inarest, in that the young wingless insects nourish 
themselves at the expense of the young leaves.' 
The barks containing alkaloid which, under the name of Cinchona 
cuprea, have recently attained such prominent significance, belong 
to the genus Remzizza,? which grows under climatic conditions quite 
different trom most Cinchonas. If the forest husbandry will now 
also assume control of the valuable Remijias, the cultivation of the 
febrifuge trees may be extended in wide domains of territory from 
which they have hitherto been excluded. In distinction to the 
Cinchonas, the Remijias are not confined to the mountain regions, 
but are capable of enduring dryness and higher temperatures, 
which, for example, prevail in the climate of the Llanos, in the 
domain of the Orinoco and the Amazon. It is easily possible that 
among these or other related trees still more may be discovered 
with barks containing quinine, which would repay cultivation. 
SECTION VI. 
COLLECTION OF THE BARKS. 
The hardships of bark collecting in the slightly accessible primeval 
forests of South America are undertaken only by the half-civilized 
Indians and people of mixed race, in the pay of larger or smaller 
speculators or companies located in the towns. All who are 
engaged in the business, especially the collectors themselves, are 
called Cascarilleros practicos, or also Cascadores, from the Spanish 
word Cascara, bark. A major-domo, placed at the head of the 
collectors, directs and superintends the proceedings of the several 
bands in the forest itself, where, in huts of light construction, the 
provisions and afterwards the produce are deposited. Weddell, as 
also Karsten and Wellcome,’ have given in a striking manner, as 
eye-witnesses, a picture of these operations. 
The cascarillero, by means of a sabre-like knife, Machete (machiar 
? Bernelot Moens, also K. W. Van Gorkom, in the writings mentioned in Just’s Botan. 
Fahresbericht, 1879, pp. 314 and 319. . 
? Compare pages 16 and 54. 
* In the writings previously mentioned, p. 23, and in Section XVIII. I am recently 
also indebted to Dr. Chas. Robbins, of New York, for such reports. : 
