42 CINCHONA BARKS. 
Weddell was the first to emphasize that the appearance of the 
fracture of the Cinchona barks is subject to variation, according to 
the size and the arrangement of the bast-fibres. To these short, 
not interlaced fibres, the Cinchona barks owe particularly the great 
brittleness. 
The root-bark of the true Cinchonas appears to possess in 
general the structure of the bark of the stem or branches, and 
particularly to be much inclined to the formation of bork. 
Among the chief varieties which hitherto came from South 
America, and which received the preference for pharmaceutical 
applications, the following are to be particularly mentioned:— 
I. CINCHONA CALISAYA. 
After Jussieu had already traversed the region of the Cinchona 
Calisaya, Rubin de Celis, in 1776, and Thaddaus Hanke,’ in 1791, 
called attention to the value of their bark, so that the latter, since 
about the year 1789, acquired ever increasing significance, although 
the tree itself was first made known by Weddell (see page 16). 
In commerce there is found the entire bark of the branches, in the 
form of quills, as also the flat stem bark deprived of the bork, and 
indeed :— 
(a) The former under the names of Cortex Cinchone (Chine) 
regius, convolutus, Cinchona (China) calisaya cum epidermide, Calt- 
saya tecta s. tubulata; Quill Calisaya; Ger., Gerollte or bedeckle 
Konigschina; Fr., Quinguina Calisaya roulé. \t forms quills 3 
to 4 centimeters (114 to1¥% inches) in thickness, which are mostly 
rolled inward at both edges (double quills), of a dark grayish- 
brown color, or whitish, and having coarse, irregular, longitudinal 
channels and furrows, which, however, in general are to a certain 
extent uniformly arranged, and intersected by deep transverse 
fissures, which frequently extend over the entire periphery. Re- 
ticulations with elevated edges and a usually somewhat more finely 
furrowed surface are hereby formed, which readily become detached, 
and still permit the recognition of their outlines onthe outer sur- 
face of the cinnamon-brown inner bark. The inner surface is of a 
brownish-yellow color, and accurately striped in a vertical direction 
by the bright bast-fibres; the fracture is purely fibrous, but exter- 
nally darker and shorter. 
? A Spanish marine officer, — 
? Hanke was born in the year 1761 at Kreibitz in Bohemia, and in 1 ‘ue to South 
_ America with the Spanish expedition under Malaspina. He located, Agiss at Cocha- 
—— ao sie Papen — the distri vo where Cinchona bark is collected, and 
ied in 1817, upon at Buxacaxey, in the province of Cochab: . , 
_ Geogr. Mittheilungen, VI (1867), 264. © . ens. “nes a 
