44 : CINCHONA BARKS. 
ened, by their plainly reddish and often fiery color, and by greater 
compactness and fibrous fracture. The parenchyma of the outer 
bark is rich in stone-cells, and contains also in younger pieces lac- 
ticiferous ducts. No other cinchona shows a so plainly radially 
arranged bast. The fibres of the latter form upon a transverse 
section, long, mostly one-lined radial rows, in which often upon large 
spaces only here and there a small parenchyma-cell occurs. The 
bast-fibres are present in such large numbers that in the inner 
layers they predominate to a considerable extent. 
This bark, which appears to contain regularly only a small per- 
centage of alkaloid, finds its way into commerce under many 
designations in the pure state, as also mixed with Calisaya. Thus 
in Cusco it is commonly termed Cascarilla colorada or Cascarilla 
de Santa Ana ; in Europe it is known as light Calisaya, reddish 
Calisaya, Carabaya, or red Cusco bark, Cinchona (China) peruvi- 
ana, and Calisaya fibrosa. 
In the illustrations of the bark, the coloring by Delondre and 
Bouchardat, Plate 3, although not absolutely accurate, is much more 
correctly reproduced than in Weddell’s Plate XXVIII, where the 
color agrees altogether too closely with that of Calisaya. 
II. BARKS OF CINCHONA LANCIFOLIA. 
The cork is at first grayish, afterwards whitish or yellowish, 
glistening, soft and readily exfoliating. The bast is yellow or 
reddish-yellow; the bark parenchyma is still in part retained, even 
in the quite strong, flat trunk barks of as much as 1 centimeter 
(36 inch) in thickness, as they usually occur in commerce: for it 
is only at a late period that the true formation of bork takes place. 
The outer bark is distinguished by a number of tangentially ex- 
tended stone-cells, which often forma nearly connected layer (Plate 
VII, C). The moderately thick bast-fibres are in single or double 
radial rows, connected at intervals, and having an occasional tend- 
ency to a tangential grouping in the interior. In the bast there are 
numerous staff-cells, and not unfrequently there are also the same 
stone-cells as in the outer bark; the latter form of cells occurs quite 
as frequently in the medullary rays. 
The bark breaks with a fine splintery, sometimes short and some- 
times long fracture, and is found in different varieties, which, by sub- 
ordinate characteristics, deviate somewhat in appearance and struc- 
ture. It is nevertheless possible that they may be referred to 
: ae several Cinchonas. 
In this place belong the varieties of cinchona designated as flava 
a : fibrosa, then the Calisaya of Santa fe de Bogoté, OQuina anaranjada 
