VARIETIES OF CINCHONA BARK. 45 
of Mutis, the Cagueta bark of the English, more correctly Caqueza 
(after the place of this name not far from Bogota), the Carthagéne 
ligneux of the French, etc. Many barks of Cznchona rubiginosa of 
former times were derived likewise from C. lancifolia. 
Karsten, as also the Consul Rampon,* whose opinions are 
based upon personal observations at the place itself, give promin- 
ence to the fact that C. lancifolia, which is botanically so variable, 
furnishes also, indeed, barks of very different appearance. The best 
varieties are called in New Granada, columdbian ; the less valuable 
bear the name of Carthagena Barks. 
III. RED CINCHONA BARKS, FROM CINCHONA SUCCIRUBRA. 
The bark of small, one and-a-half year old trees, which in its moist 
condition is only 1 millimeter (4 inch) in thickness, e. g., from 
Hakgalle in Ceylon, consists only to the extent of % of the bast 
layer, wherein entirely isolated or groups of from 2 to 3 bast fibres 
occur, which are mostly already lignified. The boundary of the 
outer bark is designated by wide lacticiferous ducts, which, occur- 
ring usually to the number of two before a bast ray, represent a 
very interrupted circle. 
Even by a thickness of about 5 millimeters (; inch) the rela- 
tion of the two layers of bark becomes so altered that the bast 
begins to predominate, and deposits its beautiful dark red fibres in 
very large numbers. The latter are in interrupted radial rows, 
separated by narrow strips of quite small-celled parenchyma, and 
toward the interior by a tangential arrangement, affording also at 
the same time, in places, an almost reticulated appearance. 
A multiplication of the lacticiferous ducts is not prominent, but 
they become gradually enlarged, and by the development of the 
bark remain for a long time intact, as it is only at a late period 
that the formation of bork occurs. Pieces of bark over 12 milli- 
meters (% inch) in thickness (in their dry condition), still display 
lacticiferous ducts. 
The ejection of the peridermis takes place with much greater 
difficulty than with C. Calisaya, so that even strong trunk barks of 
the red cinchona still bear a firmly adhering, more grayish-black 
than red external coating, even by a well defined development of 
the interior cork. ; " 
According to Von Bergen, the Red Cinchona was already dis- _ 
tributed in North Germany at the beginning of the eighteenth — 
century, and Condamine makes mention of it, in the year 1737,as 
the best Cinchona; it may, e. g., with reference to the description 
| 1 In Planchon (Title under section xviii) 95. 
