VARIETIES OF CINCHONA BARK. AT 
cinnamon color, and frequently finely sprinkled with white, in con- 
sequence of the cells of the medullary rays, which contain oxalate. 
A transverse section shows directly beneath the outer bark a so- 
called resin ring. 
A species belonging in this category, namely, the bark of Giu- 
chona nitida Ruiz et Pavon, which is designated as Pala de gallina- 
z0, affords an excellent example of the fantastic names with which 
the Cascarilleros provide the Cinchona Barks. In consequence of 
the corky warts (lenticels?), asalso of the Sphaeriaceze, whichare found 
upon this bark as well as upon many others, there is formed a pe- 
culiar delineation of the outer surface, which in Peru is designated 
as “vulture claws,” pata de gallinazo. Gallinazo refers in Lima to 
the carrion vulture, Cathartes foetens... Such names are now best 
cleared away by the innovation of the Dutch Government, which 
consists in attaching to the larger packages of Javanese barks the 
results of the analysis and the designation of the mother plant. 
In former times the Huanuco variety consisted chiefly of barks 
of the Cinchona nitida, which grows in large amounts by San 
Cristoval de Cuchero or Cocheros, not far from Huanuco. The 
barks of this district were made known since 1776, by Francisco 
Renquifo and Manuel Alcarraz, and then by Ruiz, Pavon and Dom- 
bey,? and finally toward the end of the century introduced into com- 
merce by merchants from Lima, as gray bark of Huanuco. 
As Loxa or Loja Cinchona, barks are or were exported, which, in 
distinction to the preceding variety, are predominatingly of a dark 
brownish color, have a more gray than whitish coating, and, be- 
side longitudinal wrinkles, exhibit numerous, somewhat distant, 
transverse fissures, The Loxa bark consists mostly of quills having 
a maximum circumference of 1 centimeter (34 inch), and only 
I to 2 millimeters (,; to yj; inch) in diameter, and is frequently 
abundantly beset with lichens. A sharp transverse section of the 
better sorts of Loxa bark exhibits the glistening “resin ring.” 
As has been previously mentioned (p 19), the district of Loxa 
furnished the first Cinchona barks. At the time of the Spanish 
sovereignty the most select specimens of the same, a yellowish 
and areddish variety, Cascarilla amarilla del Rey and Cascarilla 
colorada del Rey, were retained for the Spanish Court, and bore for 
* Markham, Pritchett, B/ze Book 1863, 129, 125. I was told, however, by Mr. Spruce, 
in August 1867, that the expression Pata de ga/linazo refers to the fracture of the bark. - 
? Figure in Weddell, T. 10; Howard, NV. Quinologia, T. 20. ‘ as 
* Joseph Dombey was born in the year 1742, at Macon, and went to Peru with Ruiz 
and Pavon in 1777; he returned to France in 1785, but departed again for America in 
1793, and died in 1794 at Montserrat—Cap. Ltudes biogr. pour servir a& L hist. des 
Sczences, II (1864); compare also my Pharm. Chemie, pp. 611, 890. . 
